Table 1 Comparison of demographic factors and white rice consumption between case and control groups in northwest China
Variable | Cases | Controls | p a |
|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | ||
Gender | 0.623 | ||
Male | 260 (72.4 %) | 269 (70.8 %) | |
Female | 99 (27.6 %) | 111 (29.2 %) | |
Ethnic group | 0.001 | ||
Han | 270 (75.2 %) | 322 (84.7 %) | |
Minority | 89 (24.8 %) | 58 (15.3 %) | |
Education level | <0.001 | ||
None/primary | 183 (51.0 %) | 136 (35.8 %) | |
Secondary | 140 (39.0 %) | 191 (50.3 %) | |
Tertiary | 36 (10.0 %) | 53 (13.9 %) | |
Annual income (yuanb) | 0.112 | ||
<5000 | 130 (36.2 %) | 132 (34.7 %) | |
5000–20,000 | 177 (49.3 %) | 171 (45.0 %) | |
>20,000 | 52 (14.5 %) | 77 (20.3 %) | |
Smoking status | 0.188 | ||
Never | 164 (45.7 %) | 192 (50.5 %) | |
Ever | 195 (54.3 %) | 188 (49.5 %) | |
Alcohol drinking | 0.216 | ||
Never/seldom | 193 (53.8 %) | 187 (49.2 %) | |
Often | 166 (46.2 %) | 193 (50.8 %) | |
Family history of cancer in first-degree relatives | <0.001 | ||
No | 306 (85.2 %) | 356 (93.7 %) | |
Yes | 53 (14.8 %) | 24 (6.3 %) | |
Age at interview (years): mean (SD) | 61.4 (11.0) | 60.6 (11.8) | 0.338 |
BMI (5 years ago, kg/m2): mean (SD) | 24.3 (3.8) | 24.0 (3.6) | 0.181 |
Vegetable consumption (g/day): mean (SD) | 677.8 (542.6) | 874.3 (621.8) | <0.001 |
Fruit consumption (g/day): mean (SD) | 342.0 (410.6) | 463.1 (480.6) | <0.001 |
Meat consumption (g/day): mean (SD) | 232.1 (263.1) | 242.3 (264.1) | 0.601 |
Energy intake (kcal/day): mean (SD) | 4310 (2681) | 4709 (2716) | 0.047 |
Total white rice (g/day): mean (SD) | 137.8 (188.0) | 208.7 (208.9) | <0.001 |
Cooked white rice (g/day): mean (SD) | 79.5 (133.1) | 111.2 (132.9) | 0.001 |
Porridge (g/day): mean (SD) | 53.0 (83.9) | 95.2 (148.3) | <0.001 |
Glutinous rice | 157 (43.7 %) | 183 (48.2 %) | 0.228 |