Table 3 Changes in glucose metabolism indices among women with gestational diabetes receiving probiotic supplement versus placebo

Fasting blood sugar (mg/dl)

 Before trial

103.65 (1.34)

100.89 (1.52)

0.17

0.02

 After trial

88.37 (2.05)

93.59 (3.61)

0.20

 P (paired samples t test)

<0.001

0.02

 Absolute change

−15.27 (1.83)

−7.30 (3.04)

0.02

 Relative change

−14.66 (1.77)

−7.38 (15.09)

0.03

Fasting serum insulin (μIU/ml)

 Before trial

5.95 (0.50)

5.60 (0.37)

0.58

0.09

 After trial

5.15 (0.41)

6.12 (0.50)

0.14

 P (paired samples t test)

0.16

0.30

 Absolute difference

−0.80 (0.56)

0.52 (0.49)

0.08

 Relative difference

10.55 (18.55)

14.55 (9.21)

0.85

HOMA-IR index

 Before trial

1.52 (0.12)

1.38 (0.08)

0.41

0.03

 After trial

1.11 (0.09)

1.40 (0.11)

0.06

 P (paired samples t test)

0.007

0.93

 Absolute difference

−0.40 (0.13)

0.01 (0.12)

0.03

 Relative difference

−6.74 (14.84)

6.45 (9.22)

0.46

QUICKI index

 Before trial

0.15 (0.00)

0.15 (0.00)

0.92

0.11

 After trial

0.16 (0.00)

0.16 (0.00)

0.11

 P (paired samples t test)

0.02

0.46

 Absolute difference

0.008 (0.003)

0.002 (0.002)

0.16

 Relative difference

5.76 (2.16)

1.38 (1.69)

0.12