Table 3 Dietary intakes of groups and adjusted group differences (95 % CI) of posttest
Groups | Control | Intervention | Adjusted mean difference to controlsa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | P valuea | |
Energy intake (kkal/day) | 1867 ± 587 | 1888 ± 581 | 1731 ± 638 | 2087 ± 664 | +222 (−54–499) | 0.113 |
Protein intake (g) | 58.6 ± 5.8 | 58.9 ± 5.8 | 55.6 ± 2.3 | 73.6 ± 3.3 | +15.6 (4.1–27.1) | 0.008b |
(% of energy) | 13 ± 0 | 12 ± 8 | 13 ± 2 | 14 ± 4 | +1.9 (0.2–3.7) | 0.025b |
Carbohydrate intake (g) | 242.7 ± 96.7 | 237.2 ± 94.2 | 219.6 ± 89.4 | 255.7 ± 107.6 | +23.5 (−21.6–68.6) | 0.304 |
(% of energy) | 34 ± 7 | 36 ± 6 | 35 ± 6 | 35 ± 7 | −0.5 (−5.3–4.1) | 0.806 |
Fat intake (g) | 71.2 ± 23.8 | 75.9 ± 21.3 | 67.7 ± 28.0 | 82.9 ± 25.0 | +7.8 (−2.3–18.1) | 0.130 |
(% of energy) | 52 ± 7 | 50 ± 7 | 51 ± 7 | 49 ± 8 | −1.7 (−6.9–3.5) | 0.512 |
Dietary fiber (g/day) | 21.5 ± 7.8 | 22.3 ± 8.2 | 21.7 ± 7.5 | 25.7 ± 8.3 | +3.2 (−0.4–6.9) | 0.084 |
Calcium intake (mg/day) | 652.8 ± 20.6 | 682.2 ± 282.9 | 688.3 ± 32.4 | 813.7 ± 346.7 | +152.6 (14.7–290.5) | 0.030b |
Magnesium intake (mg/day) | 235.2 ± 63.0 | 246.8 ± 78.4 | 235.7 ± 87.1 | 289.5 ± 96.3 | +43.1 (4.1–82.0) | 0.031b |
Iron (mg) | 9.8 ± 3.0 | 10.1 ± 3.4 | 9.8 ± 3.3 | 11.8 ± 3.6 | +1.7 (0.2–3.3) | 0.025b |
Zinc (mg) | 9.1 ± 2.8 | 8.8 ± 2.5 | 8.8 ± 3.3 | 10.7 ± 3.4 | +2.0 (0.7–3.3) | 0.003b |
Folate (μcg) | 282.7 ± 88.5 | 284.2 ± 91.3 | 265.8 ± 92.0 | 296.0 ± 114.7 | +12.0 (−32.7–58.8) | 0.573 |
Fruit intake (pieces/day) | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 1.3 | +0.4 (−0.5–1.04) | 0.078 |
Vegetable intake (g/day) | 213 ± 108 | 204 ± 129 | 176 ± 102 | 283 ± 132 | +73. 6 (12.5–134.7 ) | 0.019b |