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Table 4 Relative risk ratios showing influence on non-use of contraceptive with traditional method as base outcome

From: Factors influencing contraceptive use and non-use among women of advanced reproductive age in Nigeria

Characteristic predicting non-use of contraceptive

Model 1 (demographic) LR χ 2 (22) = 2283.0; p < 0.001

Model 2 (socio-economic) LR χ 2 (24) = 3148.4; p < 0.001

Model 3 (socio-demographic) LR χ 2 (46) = 4285.8; p < 0.001

Model 4 (full) LR χ 2 (58) 4730.8; p < 0.001

RRR

p > |z|

95% CI

RRR

p > |z|

95% CI

RRR

p > |z|

95% CI

RRR

p > |z|

95% CI

Maternal age

 35–39 years (ref)

   

 40–44 years

1.146

0.086

0.981 to 1.340

   

1.105

0.236

0.937 to 1.303

1.100

0.259

0.932 to 1.230

 45–49 years

2.914

<0.001

2.380 to 3.568

   

2.710

<0.001

2.191 to 3.351

2.694

<0.001

2.174 to 3.340

Parity

 Low (ref)

   

 Multiparity

0.324

<0.001

0.238 to 0.442

   

0.272

<0.001

0.197 to 0.376

0.286

<0.001

0.207 to 0.396

 Grand multiparity

0.312

<0.001

0.225 to 0.433

   

0.179

<0.001

0.125 to 0.255

0.193

<0.001

0.135 to 0.277

Child mortality experience

 Ever experienced (ref)

   

 Never experienced

0.499

<0.001

0.427 to 0.583

   

0.676

<0.001

0.574 to 0.796

0.688

<0.001

0.583 to 0.811

Age at first birth

 14 years or less (ref)

   

 15–19 years

0.538

<0.001

0.386 to 0.750

   

0.661

0.018

0.469 to 0.932

0.704

0.046

0.498 to 0.994

 20–24 years

0.277

<0.001

0.199 to 0.386

   

0.480

<0.001

0.340 to 0.677

0.513

<0.001

0.363 to 0.725

 25 years or older

0.188

<0.001

0.134 to 0.266

   

0.368

<0.001

0.257 to 0.527

0.399

<0.001

0.278 to 0.572

Fertility desire

 Wants more children (ref)

   

 Want no more children

3.336

<0.001

2.820 to 3.946

   

2.470

<0.001

2.059 to 2.962

2.481

<0.001

2.064 to 2.982

 Undecided

1.039

0.918

0.501 to 2.153

   

0.604

0.199

0.280 to 1.302

0.560

0.144

0.257 to 1.219

Ideal family size

 Small (ref)

   

 Large

2.456

<0.001

2.073 to 2.910

   

1.488

<0.001

1.236 to 1.791

1.480

<0.001

1.228 to 1.785

Maternal education

 None (ref)

   

 Primary

   

0.579

<0.001

0.449 to 0.746

0.662

0.002

0.513 to 0.856

0.891

0.403

0.679 to 1.168

 Secondary

   

0.433

<0.001

0.332 to 0.565

0.516

<0.001

0.394 to 0.677

0.687

0.011

0.515 to 0.918

 Higher

   

0.344

<0.001

0.255 to 0.462

0.355

<0.001

0.260 to 0.485

0.475

<0.001

0.336 to 0.671

Place of residence

 Urban (ref)

   

 Rural

   

1.332

0.001

1.129 to 1.571

1.342

0.001

1.130 to 1.593

1.333

0.001

1.121 to 1.584

Household wealth index

 Poorest (ref)

   

 Poorer

   

0.773

0.202

0.521 to 1.148

0.845

0.410

0.567 to 1.261

1.018

0.931

0.679 to 1.527

 Middle

   

0.596

0.008

0.407 to 0.872

0.636

0.021

0.433 to 0.934

0.841

0.387

0.569 to 1.244

 Richer

   

0.534

0.002

0.361 to 0.789

0.574

0.006

0.387 to 0.853

0.763

0.188

0.511 to 1.141

 Richest

   

0.460

<0.001

0.305 to 0.693

0.510

0.002

0.336 to 0.776

0.695

0.096

0.453 to 1.067

Employment status

 Not working (ref)

   

 Working

   

0.626

<0.001

0.485 to 0.808

0.632

0.001

0.487 to 0.821

0.716

0.013

0.550 to 0.932

Media exposure

 None (ref)

   

 Low

   

0.786

0.093

0.594 to 1.041

0.757

0.056

0.569 to 1.007

0.869

0.336

0.652 to 1.157

 Moderate

   

0.722

0.012

0.561 to 0.931

0.710

0.009

0.549 to 0.920

0.814

0.120

0.628 to 1.055

Geographic region

 Northern (ref)

   

 Southern

   

0.190

<0.001

0.155 to 0.232

0.195

<0.001

0.159 to 0.239

0.223

<0.001

0.181 to 0.275

Remarriage

 Married once (ref)

         

 Remarried

         

1.355

0.014

1.064 to 1.727

Paternal education

 None (ref)

         

 Primary

         

0.648

0.003

0.487 to 0.862

 Secondary

         

0.774

0.091

0.575 to 1.042

 Higher

         

0.787

0.154

0.566 to 1.094

Women autonomy

 No autonomy

         

 Autonomy

         

0.844

0.082

0.697 to 1.022

  1. p value greater than 0.05 indicate not significant
  2. ref reference category