Table 5 Relative risk ratios showing influence on modern contraceptive use with traditional method as base outcome
Characteristic predicting modern contraceptive use | Model 1 (demographic) LR χ 2 (22) = 2283.0; p < 0.001 | Model 2 (socio-economic) LR χ 2 (24) =3148.4; p < 0.001 | Model 3 (socio-demographic) LR χ 2 (46) = 4285.8; p < 0.001 | Model 4 (full) LR χ 2 (58) 4730.8; p < 0.001 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RRR | p > |z| | 95% CI | RRR | p > |z| | 95% CI | RRR | p > |z| | 95% CI | RRR | p > |z| | 95% CI | |
Maternal age | ||||||||||||
35–39 years (ref) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
40–44 years | 0.891 | 0.204 | 0.745 to 1.065 | 0.895 | 0.231 | 0.747 to 1.073 | 0.883 | 0.182 | 0.736 to 1.060 | |||
45–49 years | 1.061 | 0.618 | 0.841 to 1.338 | 1.117 | 0.355 | 0.883 to 1.413 | 1.107 | 0.402 | 0.873 to 1.403 | |||
Parity | ||||||||||||
Low (ref) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
Multiparity | 0.800 | 0.230 | 0.555 to 1.152 | 0.691 | 0.053 | 0.475 to 1.005 | 0.676 | 0.042 | 0.464 to 0.985 | |||
Grand multiparity | 0.791 | 0.229 | 0.539 to 1.159 | 0.629 | 0.026 | 0.419 to 0.946 | 0.622 | 0.024 | 0.413 to 0.938 | |||
Child mortality experience | ||||||||||||
Ever experienced (ref) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
Never experienced | 1.028 | 0.766 | 0.858 1.232 | 1.014 | 0.878 | 0.844 1.218 | 1.030 | 0.751 | 0.857 1.238 | |||
Age at first birth | ||||||||||||
14 years or less (ref) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
15–19 years | 0.894 | 0.566 | 0.609 to 1.311 | 0.915 | 0.654 | 0.621 to 1.349 | 0.917 | 0.664 | 0.621 to 1.353 | |||
20–24 years | 0.776 | 0.192 | 0.530 to 1.136 | 0.855 | 0.429 | 0.580 to 1.260 | 0.860 | 0.449 | 0.583 to 1.270 | |||
25 years or older | 0.575 | 0.006 | 0.386 to 0.856 | 0.663 | 0.047 | 0.442 to 0.993 | 0.668 | 0.052 | 0.444 to 1.004 | |||
Fertility desire | ||||||||||||
Wants more children (ref) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
Want no more children | 0.677 | <0.001 | 0.552 to 0.830 | 0.619 | <0.001 | 0.500 to 0.766 | 0.611 | <0.001 | 0.493 to 0.757 | |||
Undecided | 1.367 | 0.428 | 0.631 to 2.965 | 1.053 | 0.898 | 0.477 to 2.326 | 1.061 | 0.884 | 0.479 to 2.348 | |||
Ideal family size | ||||||||||||
Small (ref) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
Large | 0.989 | 0.909 | 0.818 to 1.196 | 0.937 | 0.523 | 0.767 to 1.144 | 0.948 | 0.603 | 0.775 to 1.159 | |||
Maternal education | ||||||||||||
None (ref) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
Primary | 2.321 | <0.001 | 1.718 to 3.137 | 2.232 | <0.001 | 1.652 to 3.015 | 1.916 | <0.001 | 1.397 to 2.626 | |||
Secondary | 2.032 | <0.001 | 1.483 to 2.783 | 1.982 | <0.001 | 1.445 to 2.718 | 1.637 | 0.004 | 1.173 to 2.285 | |||
Higher | 1.610 | 0.007 | 1.138 to 2.280 | 1.587 | 0.011 | 1.112 to 2.263 | 1.192 | 0.377 | 0.807 to 1.759 | |||
Place of residence | ||||||||||||
Urban (ref) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
Rural | 1.048 | 0.623 | 0.869 to 1.264 | 1.032 | 0.748 | 0.853 to 1.248 | 1.018 | 0.856 | 0.840 to 1.233 | |||
Household wealth index | ||||||||||||
Poorest (ref) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
Poorer | 1.580 | 0.066 | 0.971 to 2.572 | 1.613 | 0.055 | 0.989 to 2.631 | 1.550 | 0.081 | 0.947 to 2.534 | |||
Middle | 1.823 | 0.012 | 1.139 to 2.916 | 1.771 | 0.017 | 1.106 to 2.834 | 1.632 | 0.043 | 1.016 to 2.622 | |||
Richer | 1.973 | 0.005 | 1.222 to 3.185 | 1.883 | 0.010 | 1.166 to 3.043 | 1.722 | 0.027 | 1.062 to 2.791 | |||
Richest | 2.110 | 0.003 | 1.280 to 3.476 | 1.954 | 0.009 | 1.183 to 3.229 | 1.726 | 0.035 | 1.038 to 2.871 | |||
Employment status | ||||||||||||
Not working (ref) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
Working | 1.036 | 0.812 | 0.775 to 1.389 | 1.020 | 0.897 | 0.759 to 1.370 | 0.967 | 0.823 | 0.718 to 1.300 | |||
Media exposure | ||||||||||||
None (ref) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
Low | 0.912 | 0.583 | 0.656 to 1.267 | 0.937 | 0.699 | 0.673 to 1.304 | 0.897 | 0.519 | 0.645 to 1.248 | |||
Moderate | 0.973 | 0.860 | 0.723 to 1.311 | 0.986 | 0.929 | 0.731 to 1.331 | 0.936 | 0.663 | 0.694 to 1.261 | |||
Geographic region | ||||||||||||
Northern (ref) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
Southern | 1.237 | <0.001 | 1.190 to 1.805 | 1.241 | <0.001 | 1.193 to 1.781 | 1.250 | <0.001 | 1.200 to 1.818 | |||
Remarriage | ||||||||||||
Married once (ref) | – | – | – | |||||||||
Remarried | 1.246 | 0.112 | 0.950 to 1.635 | |||||||||
Paternal education | ||||||||||||
None (ref) | – | – | – | |||||||||
Primary | 0.999 | 0.994 | 0.718 to 1.389 | |||||||||
Secondary | 1.023 | 0.896 | 0.728 to 1.436 | |||||||||
Higher | 1.281 | 0.189 | 0.885 to 1.854 | |||||||||
Women autonomy | ||||||||||||
No autonomy (ref) | – | – | – | |||||||||
Autonomy | 1.201 | 0.098 | 0.967 to 1.492 | |||||||||