Table 4 Risk (odds ratio with 95% CI) of adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal complication by sickle cell disease status

Spontaneous abortion

0.78 (0.43–1.39)

1.09 (0.78–1.22)

0.71 (0.39–1.30)

Stillbirth

3.45 (1.92–6.21)**

1.41 (1.09–1.85)*

2.43 (1.31–4.53)**

Blood transfusion

37.66 (26.08–54.39)**

1.46 (1.11–1.91)**

25.88 (16.99–39.41)**

Severe anaemia

1.28 (0.87–1.88)

1.05 (0.93–1.41)

1.22 (0.82–1.82)

Any anaemic

13.84 (1.93–99.51)**

0.85 (0.71–1.00)

16.39 (2.28–117.92)**

Severely low birth weight ≤1499

2.07 (1.11–3.87)*

1.09 (0.85–1.41)

1.89 (0.98–3.66)

Low birth weight ≤2499

3.01 (2.06–4.39)**

1.01 (0.90–1.11)

2.99 (2.03–4.41)**

Pre-term delivery (gestational weeks ≤36 weeks)

3.88 (2.73–5.51)**

0.98 (0.85–1.13)

3.96 (2.74–5.72)**

Caesarean section

3.79 (2.31–6.21)**

0.86 (0.68–1.08)

4.42 (2.60–7.52)

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)

1.44 (0.45–5.46)

1.15 (0.78–1.71)

1.25 (0.38–4.14)

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)

0.73 (0.36–1.51)

0.99 (0.82–1.20)

0.74 (0.35–1.55)

Eclampsia

2.18 (0.68–6.97)

0.98 (0.58–1.65)

2.22 (0.64–7.69)