Characteristics | Total (N = 482) | Men (n = 223) | Women (n = 259) | p value† | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | Mean [95% CI] | n (%) | Mean [95% CI] | n (%) | Mean [95% CI] | ||
Sub-tribe | 0.965 | ||||||
Jah Hut | 297 (61.6) | 136 (61.0) | 161 (62.2) | ||||
Temuan | 132 (27.4) | 62 (27.8) | 70 (27.0) | ||||
Che Wong | 53 (11.0) | 25 (11.2) | 28 (10.8) | ||||
Age (years) | 35.4 [34.3, 36.5] | 37.5 [35.8, 39.1] | 33.6 [32.2, 35.1] | <0.01 | |||
18–29 | 181 (37.5) | 72 (32.3) | 109 (42.1) | ||||
30–39 | 123 (25.5) | 57 (25.6) | 66 (25.5) | ||||
40–49 | 104 (21.6) | 49 (22.0) | 55 (21.2) | ||||
≥50 | 74 (15.4) | 45 (20.1) | 29 (11.2) | ||||
Drinker | 109 (22.6) | 101 (45.3) | 8 (3.1) | <0.001 | |||
Smoker | 257 (53.3) | 160 (71.7) | 97 (37.5) | <0.001 | |||
Anthropometric measures | |||||||
Weight (kg) | 55.6 [54.5, 56.7] | 58.4 [57.1, 59.7] | 53.2 [51.5, 54.9] | <0.001 | |||
Height (cm)a | 154.0 [153.3, 154.6] | 159.1 [158.4, 159.9] | 149.5 [148.8, 150.3] | <0.001 | |||
Short stature | 276 (57.3) | 126 (56.5) | 150 (57.9) | ||||
Normal height | 206 (42.7) | 97 (43.5) | 109 (42.1) | ||||
Hip circumference (cm) | 92.0 [91.0, 93.0] | 90.9 [90.7, 92.2] | 93.0 [91.5, 94.5] | <0.05 | |||
Obesity indices | |||||||
Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2)b | 23.41 [22.97, 23.83] | 23.03 [22.57, 23.48] | 23.73 [23.03, 24.43] | 0.098 | |||
Underweight | 49 (10.2) | 12 (5.4) | 37 (14.2) | ||||
Normal | 288 (59.8) | 159 (71.3) | 129 (49.8) | ||||
Overweight | 106 (22.0) | 45 (20.2) | 61 (23.6) | ||||
Obese | 39 (8.0) | 7 (3.1) | 32 (12.4) | ||||
Waist circumference (WC) (cm)c | 76.6 [75.6, 76.7] | 76.4 [75.0, 77.7] | 76.9 [75.3, 78.4] | 0.612 | |||
Normal | 374 (77.6) | 201 (90.1) | 173 (66.8) | ||||
At risk | 108 (22.4) | 22 (9.9) | 86 (33.2) | ||||
Waist-height ratio (WHtR)d | 0.50 [0.49, 0.51] | 0.48 [0.47, 0.49] | 0.51 [0.50, 0.52] | <0.001 | |||
Normal | 286 (59.3) | 152 (68.2) | 134 (51.7) | ||||
At risk | 196 (40.7) | 71 (31.8) | 125 (48.3) | ||||
Waist-hip ratio (WHR)e | 0.83 [0.83, 0.84] | 0.84 [0.83, 0.85] | 0.82 [0.81, 0.84] | 0.082 | |||
Normal | 349 (72.4) | 184 (82.5) | 165 (63.7) | ||||
At risk | 133 (27.6) | 39 (17.5) | 94 (36.3) | ||||
Clinical parameters | <0.001 | ||||||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 121 [120, 123] | 126 [124, 129] | 117 [115, 119] | <0.001 | |||
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 81 [80, 82] | 84 [82, 85] | 80 [78, 81] | ||||
Hypertension | 123 (25.5) | 70 (31.4) | 53 (20.5) | <0.01 |