Out-of-pocket expenditure for seeking health care for sick children younger than 5 years of age in Bangladesh: findings from cross-sectional surveys, 2009 and 2012

Table 5 Demographic characteristics, morbidity, and care-seeking of under-five children expressed in percentage in 2009 and 2012 with zero cost

Characteristics	2009 n = 158	2012 n = 108
Type of illnesses
Non-priority illness¹	76.0	82.4
Priority illness²	24.1	17.6
Care sought from provider
Untrained	72.1	37.0
Public trained	25.3	49.1
Private trained	2.0	2.8
Non-government organization	0.5	11.1
Mother’s education
No education	48.7	43.5
Primary incomplete (1–4 years)	18.9	16.7
Primary complete (5 years)	9.5	18.5
Secondary incomplete (6–9 years)	17.1	15.7
Secondary or higher (10+ years)	5.7	5.6
Wealth
Poorest	19.6	25.0
Second	20.2	25.0
Middle	20.2	14.8
Fourth	15.2	21.3
Richest	24.7	13.8
Location of household
Plain land	46.2	66.4
Hard-to-reach areas	53.8	33.6
Area
Comparison	34.8	25.9
Intervention	65.1	74.0

¹Non-priority illness: children who had a cough or cold, acute or chronic ear infection, diarrhea with no dehydration, anemia, or fever without malaria
²Priority illness: children who had pneumonia, diarrhea with dehydration, dysentery, malaria, or measles

ISSN: 2072-1315