From: Epidemiology of hypertension in Fulani indigenous populations—age, gender and drivers
Factors | Total, 1337 | Hypertensive | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
No, 920 (68.8) | Yes, 417 (31.2%) | |||
Age group | ||||
20–39 | 870 (65.1) | 690 (79.3) | 180 (20.7) | |
40–59 | 348 (26.0) | 191 (54.9) | 157 (45.1) | |
≥ 60 | 119 (8.9) | 39 (32.8) | 80 (67.2) | < 0.001 |
Marital status | ||||
Single | 99 (7.4) | 78 (78.8) | 21 (21.2) | |
Presently married | 1097 (82.0) | 773 (70.5) | 324 (29.5) | |
Divorced/separated | 141 (10.6) | 69 (48.9) | 72 (51.1) | < 0.001 |
Education level | ||||
Attended school | 313 (23.4) | 238 (76.0) | 75 (24.0) | |
Never | 1024 (76.6) | 682 (66.6) | 342 (33.4) | 0.002 |
Currently employed | ||||
No | 1145 (85.6) | 791 (69.1) | 354 (30.9) | |
Yes | 192 (14.4) | 129 (67.2) | 63 (32.8) | 0.600 |
Smoking habit | ||||
Abstainer | 1241 (92.8) | 872 (70.3) | 369 (29.7) | |
Former/current smoker | 96 (7.2) | 48 (50.0) | 48 (50.0) | < 0.001 |
Alcohol drinking | ||||
Never | 1249 (93.4) | 869 (69.6) | 380 (30.4) | |
Occasional/daily drinkers | 88 (6.6) | 51 (57.9) | 37 (42.1) | 0.023 |
Vegetable intake | ||||
6–7 days/week | 511 (38.2) | 355 (69.5) | 156 (30.5) | |
3–5 days/week | 638 (47.7) | 436 (68.3) | 202 (31.7) | |
0–2 days/week | 188 (14.1) | 129 (68.6) | 59 (31.4) | 0.917 |
Fruit intake | ||||
6–7 days/week | 188 (14.1) | 137 (72.9) | 51 (27.1) | |
3–5 days/week | 391 (29.2) | 269 (68.8) | 122 (31.2) | |
0–2 days/week | 758 (56.7) | 514 (67.8) | 244 (32.2) | 0.407 |
Physical activity | ||||
Vigorous | 547 (40.9) | 375 (68.6) | 172 (31.4) | |
Moderate | 384 (28.7) | 277 (72.1) | 107 (27.9) | |
Low | 406 (30.4) | 268 (66.0) | 138 (34.0) | 0.176 |
10 min leisure PA | ||||
Vigorous | 220 (16.5) | 145 (65.9) | 75 (34.1) | |
Moderate | 45 (3.4) | 33 (73.3) | 12 (26.7) | |
Low | 1072 (80.1) | 742 (69.2) | 330 (30.8) | 0.503 |
Frequently added salt to food | ||||
No | 1098 (82.1) | 749 (68.2) | 349 (31.8) | |
Yes | 239 (17.9) | 171 (71.6) | 68 (28.4) | 0.313 |
Frequently added sugar to tea/coffee | ||||
No | 1103 (82.5) | 757 (68.6) | 346 (31.4) | |
Yes | 234 (17.5) | 163 (69.7) | 71 (30.3) | 0.758 |
FH of hypertension | ||||
No | 1141 (85.3) | 805 (70.6) | 336 (29.4) | |
Yes | 196 (14.7) | 115 (58.7) | 81 (41.3) | 0.001 |
FH of diabetes | ||||
No | 1225 (91.6) | 851 (69.5) | 374 (30.5) | |
Yes | 112 (8.4) | 69 (61.6) | 43 (38.4) | 0.086 |
FH of obesity | ||||
No | 1284 (96.0) | 887 (69.1) | 397 (30.9) | |
Yes | 53 (4.0) | 33 (62.3) | 20 (37.7) | 0.294 |
Diabetes | ||||
No | 1283 (96.0) | 899 (70.1) | 384 (29.9) | |
Yes | 54 (4.0) | 21 (38.9) | 33 (61.1) | <0.001 |
Sleeping difficulties? | ||||
Sleep normally | 1033 (77.3) | 730 (70.7) | 303 (29.3) | |
Have insomnia | 304 (22.7) | 190 (62.5) | 114 (37.5) | 0.007 |
Planning to migrate? | ||||
Yes | 102 (7.6) | 73 (71.6) | 29 (28.4) | |
No | 1119 (83.7) | 770 (68.8) | 349 (31.2) | |
Do not know | 116 (8.7) | 77 (66.4) | 39 (33.6) | 0.711 |
Number of children | ||||
None | 91 (6.8) | 69 (75.8) | 22 (24.2) | |
1–2 children | 312 (23.3) | 237 (76.0) | 75 (24.0) | |
3–4 children | 303 (22.7) | 223 (73.6) | 80 (26.4) | |
5–7 children | 293 (21.9) | 198 (67.6) | 95 (32.4) | |
8–12 children | 168 (12.6) | 81 (48.2) | 87 (51.8) | |
≥ 13 children | 170 (12.7) | 112 (65.9) | 58 (34.1) | < 0.001 |
BMI | ||||
Normal weight | 607 (45.4) | 405 (66.7) | 202 (33.3) | |
Under weight | 622 (46.5) | 454 (73.0) | 168 (27.0) | |
Overweight | 78 (5.8) | 46 (59.0) | 32 (41.0) | |
Obese | 30 (2.2) | 15 (50.0) | 15 (50.0) | 0.002 |
WC | ||||
LR (≤ 94 M or ≤ 80 W) cm | 1044 (78.1) | 734 (70.3) | 310 (29.7) | |
IR (94 > and < 102, 80 > and < 88) cm | 164 (12.3) | 113 (68.9) | 51 (31.1) | |
SIR (≥ 102 M, ≥ 88 W) cm | 129 (9.6) | 73 (56.6) | 56 (43.4) | 0.007 |
BMI, (mean ± SD) | 19.5 ± 4.1 | 19.2 ± 3.9 | 20.2 ± 4.5 | < 0.00011 |
WC, (mean ± SD) | 75.1 ± 11.3 | 73.9 ± 10.8 | 77.6 ± 11.9 | < 0.00011 |