Table 2 Characteristics of the study population by sex
Variables | T2DM (n = 1200) | Male (n = 482) | Female (n = 718) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | |||
Age (years) | Mean ± SD | 49.74 ± 11 | 49.4 ± 10.6 | 49.9 ± 11.3 | 0.238 |
Marital status | Married | 1160 (96.6) | 472 (40.7) | 688 (59.3) | 0.031 |
Unmarried | 40 (3.3) | 10 (25.0) | 30 (75.0) | ||
Educational level | Low education | 535 (44.5) | 175 (32.7) | 360 (67.3) | 0.001 |
High education | 665 (55.4) | 307 (46.2) | 358 (53.8) | ||
Family size | Less than five | 429 (51.4) | 160 (37.3) | 269 (62.7) | 0.073 |
Five or more | 771 (64.2) | 322 (41.8) | 449 (58.2) | ||
Monthly income | ≤ 2000 (NIS) | 1054 (87.8) | 392 (37.2) | 662 (62.8) | 0.001 |
> 2000 (NIS) | 146 (12.1) | 90 (61.6) | 56 (38.4) | ||
Diabetes duration (years) | Less than five | 316 (26.3) | 131 (27.2) | 185 (25.8) | 0.004 |
Five to ten | 434 (36.1) | 196 (40.7) | 238 (33.1) | ||
More than ten | 450 (37.5) | 155 (32.1) | 295 (41.1) | ||
Use diabetes medications | Yes | 1200 (100) | 482 (40.2) | 718 (59.8) | – |
Type of diabetes medications used | Diabetes pills | 491 (40.9) | 215 (43.8) | 276 (56.2) | 0.020 |
Insulin injections | 628 (52.3) | 244 (38.9) | 384 (61.1) | ||
Pills & injections | 81 (6.75) | 23 (28.4) | 58 (71.6) | ||
Received diabetes care instructions | Yes | 574 (47.8) | 237 (41.3) | 337 (58.7) | 0.242 |
No | 626 (52.1) | 245 (39.1) | 381 (60.9) | ||
History of smoking | Yes | 162 (13.5) | 160 (98.8) | 2 (1.2) | 0.001 |
No | 1038 (86.5) | 322 (31.0) | 716 (69.0) | ||
History of alcohol intake | No | 1200 (100) | 482 (40.2) | 718 (59.8) | – |
Physical activity (Total MET) | Mean ± SD | 1430.1 ± 1519 | 1753.2 ± 1663 | 1213.2 ± 1373 | 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | Mean ± SD | 30.22 ± 6.2 | 28.32 ± 5.1 | 31.5 ± 6.6 | 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | Mean ± SD | 104.7 ± 16.9 | 101.2 ± 14.6 | 107.1 ± 18 | 0.001 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | Mean ± SD | 169.6 ± 29.1 | 168.5 ± 27.5 | 170.3 ± 30.1 | 0.046 |
Triglycerides level (mg/dl) | Mean ± SD | 160.4 ± 52.9 | 154.2 ± 50.0 | 164.6 ± 54.4 | 0.006 |
HDL-cholesterol level (mg/dl) | Mean ± SD | 45.1 ± 8.2 | 42.4 ± 6.3 | 46.9 ± 8.9 | 0.001 |