Variables | Asian-like pattern | P Value | Sweet-soft drinks-snacks pattern | P Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 | |||
Age (years) | ||||||||
 Mean ± SD | 46.1 ± 11 | 50.0 ± 10 | 53.0 ± 10 | 0.001 | 49.5 ± 11 | 48.8 ± 11 | 50.8 ± 10 | 0.518 |
Gender % | ||||||||
 Males | 34.6 | 31.1 | 34.3 | 0.721 | 30.3 | 33.6 | 36.0 | 0.057 |
 Females | 32.5 | 34.8 | 32.7 | 35.3 | 33.2 | 31.5 | ||
Marital status % | ||||||||
 Married | 32.9 | 33.8 | 33.3 | 0.001 | 33.5 | 33.1 | 33.4 | 0.927 |
 Unmarried | 45.5 | 20.0 | 35.0 | 27.5 | 40.0 | 32.5 | ||
Educational level % | ||||||||
 Low education | 26.5 | 32.9 | 40.6 | 0.001 | 31.0 | 31.2 | 37.8 | 0.023 |
 High education | 38.8 | 33.7 | 27.5 | 35.2 | 35.0 | 29.8 | ||
Family size % | ||||||||
 Less than five | 31.4 | 30.8 | 37.8 | 0.004 | 37.6 | 33.3 | 29.1 | 0.001 |
 Five or more | 34.4 | 34.8 | 30.8 | 31.0 | 33.3 | 35.7 | ||
Monthly income (NIS) % | ||||||||
  ≤ 2000 (NIS) | 32.5 | 33.1 | 34.4 | 0.047 | 33.0 | 32.9 | 34.1 | 0.362 |
  > 2000 (NIS) | 39.1 | 34.9 | 26.0 | 35.6 | 36.3 | 28.1 | ||
Diabetes duration (years) % | ||||||||
 Less than five | 39.6 | 30.0 | 30.4 | 0.001 | 38.3 | 29.7 | 32.0 | 0.138 |
 Five to ten | 36.6 | 35.4 | 28.0 | 32.3 | 38.0 | 29.7 | ||
 More than ten | 25.8 | 33.5 | 40.7 | 30.9 | 31.3 | 37.8 | ||
Type of diabetes medications used % | ||||||||
 Diabetes pills | 34.2 | 34.0 | 31.8 | 0.163 | 37.0 | 34.8 | 28.2 | 0.014 |
 Insulin injections | 33.8 | 33.9 | 32.3 | 31.0 | 32.0 | 37.0 | ||
 Pills and injections | 24.7 | 24.7 | 50.6 | 28.4 | 34.6 | 37.0 | ||
Received diabetes care instructions % | ||||||||
 Yes | 40.0 | 30.5 | 29.5 | 0.001 | 34.0 | 33.3 | 32.7 | 0.099 |
History of smoking % | ||||||||
 Yes | 38.9 | 29.6 | 31.5 | 0.983 | 25.3 | 29.7 | 45.0 | 0.001 |
Physical activity (Total MET) | ||||||||
 Mean ± SD | 1679 ± 1560 | 1382 ± 1458 | 1228 ± 1506 | 0.006 | 1435 ± 1397 | 1528 ± 1633 | 1325 ± 1514 | 0.229 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | ||||||||
 Mean ± SD | 28.6 ± 5.6 | 30.4 ± 5 | 31.5 ± 6 | 0.005 | 29.4 ± 6 | 30.0 ± 6 | 31.2 ± 6 | 0.347 |
Waist circumference (cm) | ||||||||
 Mean ± SD | 99.2 ± 16 | 106.5 ± 16 | 108.5 ± 16 | 0.001 | 102.7 ± 17 | 104.3 ± 17 | 107.2 ± 16 | 0.146 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | ||||||||
 Mean ± SD | 168.2 ± 26 | 169.6 ± 28 | 171.0 ± 31 | 0.044 | 168.4 ± 28 | 168.1 ± 27 | 172.3 ± 30 | 0.001 |
Triglycerides level (mg/dl) | ||||||||
 Mean ± SD | 156.6 ± 53 | 158.0 ± 54 | 166.7 ± 50 | 0.645 | 148.8 ± 48 | 160.2 ± 54 | 172.3 ± 52 | 0.051 |
HDL-cholesterol level (mg/dl) | ||||||||
 Mean ± SD | 46.6 ± 8 | 45.4 ± 8.4 | 43.3 ± 8 | 0.005 | 46.0 ± 8.5 | 45.6 ± 8.1 | 43.6 ± 8 | 0.092 |