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Table 5 Characteristics and dietary intakes of study population by Tertile (T) categories of dietary pattern scores

From: Association of dietary patterns with diabetes complications among type 2 diabetes patients in Gaza Strip, Palestine: a cross sectional study

Variables

Asian-like pattern

P Value

Sweet-soft drinks-snacks pattern

P Value

T1

T2

T3

T1

T2

T3

Age (years)

 Mean ± SD

46.1 ± 11

50.0 ± 10

53.0 ± 10

0.001

49.5 ± 11

48.8 ± 11

50.8 ± 10

0.518

Gender %

 Males

34.6

31.1

34.3

0.721

30.3

33.6

36.0

0.057

 Females

32.5

34.8

32.7

35.3

33.2

31.5

Marital status %

 Married

32.9

33.8

33.3

0.001

33.5

33.1

33.4

0.927

 Unmarried

45.5

20.0

35.0

27.5

40.0

32.5

Educational level %

 Low education

26.5

32.9

40.6

0.001

31.0

31.2

37.8

0.023

 High education

38.8

33.7

27.5

35.2

35.0

29.8

Family size %

 Less than five

31.4

30.8

37.8

0.004

37.6

33.3

29.1

0.001

 Five or more

34.4

34.8

30.8

31.0

33.3

35.7

Monthly income (NIS) %

  ≤ 2000 (NIS)

32.5

33.1

34.4

0.047

33.0

32.9

34.1

0.362

  > 2000 (NIS)

39.1

34.9

26.0

35.6

36.3

28.1

Diabetes duration (years) %

 Less than five

39.6

30.0

30.4

0.001

38.3

29.7

32.0

0.138

 Five to ten

36.6

35.4

28.0

32.3

38.0

29.7

 More than ten

25.8

33.5

40.7

30.9

31.3

37.8

Type of diabetes medications used %

 Diabetes pills

34.2

34.0

31.8

0.163

37.0

34.8

28.2

0.014

 Insulin injections

33.8

33.9

32.3

31.0

32.0

37.0

 Pills and injections

24.7

24.7

50.6

28.4

34.6

37.0

Received diabetes care instructions %

 Yes

40.0

30.5

29.5

0.001

34.0

33.3

32.7

0.099

History of smoking %

 Yes

38.9

29.6

31.5

0.983

25.3

29.7

45.0

0.001

Physical activity (Total MET)

 Mean ± SD

1679 ± 1560

1382 ± 1458

1228 ± 1506

0.006

1435 ± 1397

1528 ± 1633

1325 ± 1514

0.229

Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

 Mean ± SD

28.6 ± 5.6

30.4 ± 5

31.5 ± 6

0.005

29.4 ± 6

30.0 ± 6

31.2 ± 6

0.347

Waist circumference (cm)

 Mean ± SD

99.2 ± 16

106.5 ± 16

108.5 ± 16

0.001

102.7 ± 17

104.3 ± 17

107.2 ± 16

0.146

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)

 Mean ± SD

168.2 ± 26

169.6 ± 28

171.0 ± 31

0.044

168.4 ± 28

168.1 ± 27

172.3 ± 30

0.001

Triglycerides level (mg/dl)

 Mean ± SD

156.6 ± 53

158.0 ± 54

166.7 ± 50

0.645

148.8 ± 48

160.2 ± 54

172.3 ± 52

0.051

HDL-cholesterol level (mg/dl)

 Mean ± SD

46.6 ± 8

45.4 ± 8.4

43.3 ± 8

0.005

46.0 ± 8.5

45.6 ± 8.1

43.6 ± 8

0.092

  1. ANOVA test was used for quantitative variables and chi-square for qualitative variables. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. SD, stander deviation