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Table 1 Characteristics of controls and patients with cholesterol and pigment gallstones

From: Association between diet and gallstones of cholesterol and pigment among patients with cholecystectomy: a case-control study in Korea

 

Controls

(n = 99)

Cholesterol gallstone

(n = 40)

Pigment gallstone (n = 59)

P valued

Age (year)

49.49 ± 14.79

45.98 ± 14.92

52.00 ± 15.70

0.152

Female, n (%)

55 (55.6)

25 (62.5)

33 (55.9)

0.739

 Experience of pregnancy, n (%)

46 (83.6)

20 (80.0)

27 (84.4)

0.897

 Contraceptive use, n (%)

20 (36.4)

6 (24.0)

12 (37.5)

0.490

 Hormone replacement therapy, n (%)

11 (20.0)

5 (20.0)

5 (15.6)

0.866

Height (cm)

163.94 ± 8.57

163.94 ± 8.55

163.81 ± 8.93

0.996

Weight (kg)

63.65 ± 10.98

64.28 ± 9.31

66.13 ± 13.09

0.411

Body mass index (kg/m2)

23.58 ± 2.88

23.87 ± 2.64

24.51 ± 3.56

0.181

< 18.5 kg/m2, n (%)

1 (1.0)

1 (2.5)

1 (1.7)

 

18.5–22.9 kg/m2, n (%)

38 (38.4)

12 (30.0)

18 (30.5)

0.746

 23.0–24.9 kg/m2, n (%)

28 (28.4)

13 (32.5)

14 (23.7)

  ≥ 25 kg/m2, n (%)

32 (32.3)

14 (35.0)

26 (44.1)

 

Family history of gallstone disease, n (%)

1 (1.0)

5 (12.5)

7 (11.9)

0.007

Medical history, n (%)a

55 (55.6)

22 (55.0)

42 (71.2)

0.116

Regular exercise, n (%)b

34 (34.4)

14 (35.0)

18 (30.5)

0.858

Smoking, n (%)

   

0.376

 Never smoker

66 (66.7)

24 (60.0)

32 (54.2)

 

 Ex-smoker

16 (16.2)

11 (27.5)

15 (25.4)

 

 Current smoker

17 (17.2)

5 (12.5)

12 (20.3)

 

Drinking, n (%)

   

0.002

 Never drinker

19 (19.2)

8 (20.0)

17 (28.8)

 

 Ex-drinker

4 (4.0)

7 (17.5)

13 (22.0)

 

 Current drinker

76 (76.8)

25 (62.5)

29 (49.2)

 

Use of supplements, n (%)c

63 (63.6)

29 (72.5)

37 (62.7)

0.547

  1. Data are mean ± SD or number of subjects (percentage distribution) as appropriate
  2. aMedical history such as diabetes mellitus, cardio-cerebrovascular disease, digestive system disease, respiratory disease, urinary disease, and women’s disease
  3. bRegular exercise was defined as three times a week for ≥ 30 min
  4. cSupplements such as vitamins, minerals, n-3 fatty acids, ginseng, and plant extracts
  5. d P value was comparison among three groups by ANOVA for continuous variables or chi-square test for categorical variables