Table 4 Socioeconomic and dietary factors associated with general and abdominal obesity
Factors | General obesity (based on BMI) | Abdominal obesity (based on WC) | Abdominal obesity (based on WHR) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal BMI n (%) | Overweight/obesity n (%) | χ2 | p value | Normal WC n (%) | Overweight/obesity n (%) | χ2 | p value | Normal WHR n (%) | Overweight/obesity n (%) | χ2 | p value | |
Income | ||||||||||||
 Not consistent | 87 (85) | 15 (15) |  |  | 87 (84.5) | 16 (15.5) |  |  | 87 (84.5) | 16 (15.5) |  |  |
 N1000–N5000 ($3–15) | 41 (83.7) | 5 (10.2) |  |  | 42 (85.7) | 7 (14.3) |  |  | 34 (69.4) | 15 (30.6) |  |  |
 N5001–N10000 ($15–31) | 61 (70.9) | 17 (19.8) | 2.157 | 0.11 | 71 (82.6) | 15 (17.5) | 8.996 | 0.53 | 72 (83.7) | 14 (16.3) | 7.975 | 0.16 |
 N10001–N20000 (32–61) | 128 (76.6) | 32 (19.2) |  |  | 131 (78) | 37 (22.0) |  |  | 136 (81.0) | 32 (19.0) |  |  |
 Above N20000 (> $61) | 63 (64.9) | 29 (29.9) |  |  | 72 (74.2) | 25 (25.8) |  |  | 74 (76.3) | 23 (23.7) |  |  |
Family history of obesity | ||||||||||||
 Yes | 0 (0) | 7 (35.0) |  |  | 13 (65.0) | 7 (35.0) |  |  | 14 (70.0) | 6 (30.0) |  |  |
 No | 33 (6.9) | 91 (18.9) | 4.132 | 0.127 | 390 (80.7) | 93 (19.3) | 3.904 | 0.15 | 389 (80.5) | 94 (19.5) | 1.339 | 0.25 |
Pastry snacks intake | ||||||||||||
 Yes | 17 (7.4) | 49 (21.2) |  |  | 187 (80.6) | 45 (19.4) |  |  | 189 (81.5) | 43 (18.5) |  |  |
 No | 16 (5.9) | 49 (18.1) | 1.327 | 0.515 | 216 (79.7) | 55 (20.3) | 1.105 | 0.58 | 214 (79.0) | 57 (21.0) | 0.49 | 0.48 |
Soft drinks | ||||||||||||
 Yes | 5 (3.4) | 24 (16.6) |  |  | 50 (59.5) | 34 (40.5) |  |  | 53 (67.1) | 47 (26.0) |  |  |
 No | 28 (7.9) | 74 (20.8) | 5.041 | 0.08 | 138 (72.3) | 53 (27.7) | 5.497 | 0.06 | 134 (74.0) | 26 (32.9) | 1.313 | 0.25 |
Breakfast consumption | ||||||||||||
 Everyday | 7 (6.2) | 25 (22.1) |  |  | 85 (75.2) | 28 (24.8) |  |  | 90 (79.6) | 23 (20.4) |  |  |
 Occasionally | 17 (6.6) | 47 (18.1) | 0.885 | 0.927 | 218 (83.8) | 42 (16.2) | 5.701 | 0.22 | 211 (81.2) | 49 (18.8) | 0.415 | 0.81 |
 Always skipped | 9 (7.0) | 26 (20.2) |  |  | 100 (76.9) | 30 (23.1) |  |  | 102 (78.5) | 28 (21.5) |  |  |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||||
 Yes | 4 (4.9) | 28 (34.1) |  |  | 30 (62.5) | 18 (37.5) |  |  | 31 (72.1) | 12 (27.9) |  |  |
 No | 29 (6.9) | 70 (16.7) | 13.299 | 0.001 | 158 (69.6) | 69 (30.4) | 1.557 | 0.46 | 156 (71.9) | 61 (28.1) | 0.001 | 0.98 |