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Table 4 Difference-in-differences estimates of the effect of JGY implementation on health facilities (PHCs)

From: Effect of reliable electricity on health facilities, health information, and child and maternal health services utilization: evidence from rural Gujarat, India

Variables

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

Electricity

Generator

Deep freezer

Ice-lined refrigerator

Cold box

Vaccine carrier

Delivery room

Operating table

Delivery table

Examination table

Post*Gujarat (JGY program effect)

0.127*** (0.050–0.204)

− 0.215*** (− 0.373 to − 0.056)

0.065** (0.012–0.118)

0.052** (0.003–0.101)

0.058** (0.003–0.114)

0.066** (0.010–0.123)

0.060 (− 0.012–0.131)

0.103** (0.010–0.197)

0.060** (0.003–0.117)

0.011 (− 0.046–0.068)

Gujarat

− 0.045*** (− 0.061 to − 0.029)

0.326*** (0.265–0.388)

− 0.082*** (− 0.099 to − 0.065)

− 0.023 (− 0.054–0.008)

− 0.077*** (− 0.093 to − 0.062)

− 0.326*** (− 0.376 to − 0.276)

− 0.005 (− 0.024–0.014)

− 0.424*** (− 0.465 to − 0.383)

− 0.108*** (− 0.128 to − 0.088)

− 0.088*** (− 0.109 to − 0.067)

Post (interview in 2007–2008)

0.228** (0.050–0.406)

0.241* (− 0.044–.526)

− 0.023 (− 0.127–0.081)

− 0.163*** (− 0.280 to − 0.047)

0.029 (− 0.042–0.099)

0.008 (− 0.112–0.127)

0.068 (− 0.056–0.192)

0.007 (− 0.119–0.133)

− 0.001 (− 0.122–0.120)

− 0.028 (− 0.153–0.097)

Semi-pucca building

0.027 (− 0.011–0.066)

0.005 (− 0.126–0.136)

0.041 (− 0.017–0.100)

− 0.001 (− 0.072–0.071)

0.035 (− 0.030–0.100)

− 0.285*** (− 0.322 to − 0.247)

0.196*** (0.060–0.332)

0.079 (− 0.025–0.184)

0.023 (− 0.038–0.084)

0.011 (− 0.066–0.088)

Pucca building

0.063*** (0.025–0.102)

0.029 (− 0.105–0.163)

0.063*** (0.021–0.106)

0.039 (− 0.025–0.104)

0.048* (− 0.008–0.104)

− 0.272*** (− 0.291 to − 0.253)

0.247*** (0.125–0.370)

0.172*** (0.075–0.270)

0.054* (− 0.003–0.111)

0.019 (− 0.063–0.101)

Piped water

0.033*** (0.012–0.055)

0.017 (− 0.036–0.070)

0.026* (− 0.001–0.054)

0.011 (− 0.022–0.043)

0.008 (− 0.018–0.035)

0.007 (− 0.026–0.041)

0.047** (0.009–0.085)

0.018 (− 0.012–0.049)

0.025** (0.004–0.046)

0.010 (− 0.018–0.039)

Toilet

0.099*** (0.077–0.121)

0.195*** (0.127–0.263)

0.052*** (0.024–0.079)

0.047** (0.008–0.087)

0.049*** (0.012–0.085)

0.037*** (0.011–0.064)

0.434*** (0.382–0.485)

0.412*** (0.352–0.472)

0.126*** (0.103–0.149)

0.081*** (0.049–0.112)

Observations

1183

1803

1468

1519

1384

793

1816

1756

1739

1610

  1. Reported coefficients are probit marginal effects. Standard errors clustered at the district level. 95% confidence intervals in parentheses. Regressions include district fixed effects, interview year fixed effects, and district-level pre-JGY health status interacted with interview year dummies. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1