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Table 4 Determinants of utilization of maternal health services during pregnancy, delivery and post-delivery

From: Utilization of maternal health services and its determinants: a cross-sectional study among women in rural Uttar Pradesh, India

Variables

At least three ANCs (ORs, 95% CI)

Place of delivery (ORs, 95% CI)

PNC within 42 days (ORs, 95% CI)

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Age of the women

0.98 (0.96, 1.00)

0.98 (0.96, 1.01)

0.94 (0.92, 0.96)

0.97 (0.95, 0.99)

0.98 (0.96, 0.99)

1.01 (0.98, 1.03)

 p value

0.026

0.176

< 0.001

0.026

0.026

0.646

Type of family

 Non-nuclear

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Nuclear

0.87 (0.71, 1.06)

1.01 (0.81, 1.26)

0.65 (0.53, 0.79)

0.82 (0.65, 1.05)

0.71 (0.58, 0.88)

0.91 (0.71, 1.16)

 p value

0.161

0.939

< 0.001

0.115

0.002

0.437

Working

 No

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Yes

0.85 (0.66, 1.10)

0.92 (0.70, 1.20)

0.66 (0.52, 0.84)

0.87 (0.66, 1.16)

0.98 (0.75, 1.26)

1.33 (0.98, 1.80)

p value

0.216

0.529

0.001

0.352

0.848

0.064

Mass-media exposure

 No

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.70 (1.39, 2.08)

1.52 (1.22, 1.90)

1.43 (1.17, 1.75)

0.91 (0.71, 1.16)

1.57 (1.27, 1.94)

1.23 (0.96, 1.58)

 p value

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.001

0.449

< 0.001

0.097

Number of contact with health worker during ANC period

1.10 (1.07, 1.13)

1.11 (1.08, 1.14)

1.03 (1.00, 1.06)

1.01 (0.98, 1.04)

1.05 (1.02, 1.08)

1.04 (1.01, 1.07)

 p value

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.044

0.573

0.001

0.011

SHG membership

 No

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Yes

0.91 (0.70, 1.19)

0.87 (0.66, 1.15)

1.03 (0.80, 1.34)

1.05 (0.78, 1.42)

1.13 (0.86, 1.48)

1.08 (0.80, 1.46)

 p value

0.493

0.332

0.807

0.747

0.392

0.602

Marginalization

 Non-marginalized

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Any one form of marginalization

0.68 (0.52, 0.90)

0.75 (0.56, 0.99)

0.50 (0.36, 0.68)

0.51 (0.36, 0.72)

0.73 (0.55, 0.97)

0.73 (0.54, 0.97)

 Any two form of marginalization

0.55 (0.41, 0.73)

0.62 (0.45, 0.85)

0.26 (0.19, 0.36)

0.33 (0.23, 0.48)

0.53 (0.38, 0.72)

0.52 (0.37, 0.73)

 Most marginalized

0.53 (0.37, 0.74)

0.69 (0.47, 1.02)

0.23 (0.16, 0.33)

0.29 (0.19, 0.46)

0.59 (0.40, 0.87)

0.59 (0.38, 0.92)

 p value

< 0.001

0.032

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.003

At least three ANCsa

 No

  

1

1

1

1

 Yes

  

1.67 (1.34, 2.10)

1.55 (1.23, 1.96)

1.80 (1.41, 2.29)

1.52 (1.19, 1.95)

 p value

  

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.0.001

Place of deliveryb

 Home

    

1

1

 Institution

    

2.67 (2.05, 3.47)

2.43 (1.81, 3.27)

 p value

    

< 0.001

< 0.001

  1. aExposure for place of delivery and PNC outcome
  2. bExposure for PNC outcome