Patient Health Questionnaire-9 | Non-depression1 (n = 4050) | Depression2 (n = 299) | Total (n = 4349) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | |
1. Little interest or pleasure in doing things | 0.33 | 0.01 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.01 |
2. Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless | 0.2 | 0.01 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.01 |
3. Trouble falling or staying asleep or sleeping too much | 0.4 | 0.02 | 2.2 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.02 |
4. Feeling tired or having little energy | 0.6 | 0.02 | 2.4 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.02 |
5. Poor appetite or overeating | 0.2 | 0.01 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.01 |
6. Feeling bad about yourself—or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down | 0.1 | 0.01 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.01 |
7. Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching television | 0.1 | 0.01 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
8. Moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed. Or the opposite, being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual | 0.04 | 0.004 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
9. Thoughts that you would be better off dead or of hurting yourself in some way | 0.05 | 0.004 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
Total score | 2.1 | 0.04 | 13.8 | 0.2 | 2.8 | 0.1 |
Cronbach’s α | 0.808 |