Low fruit and vegetable intake is associated with depression among Korean adults in data from the 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Table 4 Odds ratio for the presence of depression by fruit and vegetable intake

	Q1 (n = 1087)		Q2 (n = 1087)		Q3 (n = 1088)		Q4 (n = 1087)		Total (n = 4349)
	n	%¹	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Presence of depression
Non-depression	985	91.3	1017	94.6	1015	93.1	1033	95.3	4050	93.5
Depression	102	8.7	70	5.4	73	7.0	54	4.7	299	6.5
Fruit and vegetable intake² (g/day)
Mean, SE	83.2	1.8	246.7	1.8	443.6	2.4	924.5	14.5	409.0	8.0
Median, SE	86.3	3.1	245.5	2.4	437.9	3.5	797.1	12.0	320.4	6.8
Intake range	≦ 160.3		160.5–332.8		332.9–581.5		≧ 582.8		0–3410.6
	Reference		Odds ratio (95 % confidence interval)					p for trend³
Model 1	1		0.600 (0.419–0.859)		0.775 (0.544–1.104)		0.510 (0.353–0.736)		0.0035
Model 2	1		0.577 (0.405–0.822)		0.715 (0.513–0.994)		0.445 (0.309–0.641)		0.0002
Model 3	1		0.661 (0.437–0.999)		0.827 (0.538–1.270)		0.502 (0.340–0.742)		0.0030
Model 4	1		0.688 (0.450–1.052)		0.945 (0.612–1.461)		0.575 (0.385–0.859)		0.0284
Model 5	1		0.690 (0.441–1.078)		1.114 (0.720–1.725)		0.660 (0.438–0.993)		0.1564

¹Weighted %
²Only intake of fresh fruit and non-starchy unsalted vegetables
³p for trend was obtained using the surveylogistic procedure in SAS.
Model 1: Crude
Model 2: Adjusted for sex, age, and energy intake
Model 3: Adjusted for Model 2 + obesity, smoking status, drinking status, stress status
Model 4: Adjusted for Model 3 + average frequency of eating-out per week, breakfast, and food security
Model 5: Adjusted for Model 4 + household income level, area, and marital status

ISSN: 2072-1315