Table 3 Parameter estimates, standard errors and p values of the fixed effects for the bivariate copula regression model for anaemia and malaria

Gender (ref = male)

Female

− 0.083

0.019

<0.001∗

NA

Type of place of residence (ref = urban)

Rural

− 0.020

0.032

0.535

0.299

0.047

<0.001∗

Mother’s education level (ref = no education)

Primary

− 0.115

0.031

<0.001∗

− 0.125

0.039

0.001 ∗

Secondary and higher

− 0.164

0.042

<0.001∗

− 0.250

0.057

<0.001∗

Unknown

− 0.095

0.039

0.016 ∗

0.012

0.049

0.802

Gender of household head (ref = male)

Female

0.011

0.024

0.633

NA

Type of toilet facility (ref = no facilities)

Pit latrine

− 0.158

0.035

<0.001∗

− 0.078

0.043

0.072

Flush toilet

− 0.165

0.062

0.008 ∗

0.102

0.114

0.366

Household size

0.009

0.003

0.006 ∗

0.001

0.004

0.705

Wealth index

− 0.158

0.019

<0.001∗

− 0.503

0.029

<0.001∗

Cluster altitude (in 100 m)

− 0.016

0.005

0.002 ∗

− 0.089

0.009

<0.001∗

EVI

0.068

0.057

0.229

0.405

0.121

0.001 ∗

LST

0.011

0.015

0.452

0.019

0.033

0.563