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Table 9 Economic burden: production losses before and after iron fortification of wheat flour and condiments by age-group using anemia attributed to iron deficiency by Petry et al.

From: Reducing the burden of iron deficiency anemia in Cote D’Ivoire through fortification

 

Pre-school children

School-aged children

Adults

Total

million USD

After condiment and flour fortification (mean (95% CI))

160.8 [101.5: 240.8]

297.3 [145.1: 511.9]

33.4 [25.3: 42.6]

491.5 [312.5: 737.6]

After flour and before condiment fortification (mean (95% CI))

166.4 [105.3: 249.1]

315.6 [154.1: 542.9]

35.1 [26.6: 44.7]

517 [328.2: 776.4]

Before flour fortification (mean (95%CI))

171.2 [108.4: 256.2]

336.3 [164.4: 578.1]

36.9 [28: 47]

544.5 [344.5: 818.3]

Absolute change attributable to flour fortification (mean)

4.8

20.7

1.8

27.5

Absolute change attributable to condiment fortification (mean)

5.6

18.3

1.7

25.5

% change

Reduction attributable to flour fortification

2.80%

6.16%

4.88%

5.05%

Reduction attributable to condiment fortification

3.48%

6.16%

5.09%

5.19%

  1. CI confidence interval. This refers to constructed 95% confidence intervals as calculated in the probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Pre-school children: 0.5 to 4 years; school age children: 5 to 14 years: adult men and women: 15 to 64 years
  2. Using the attribution of anemia to iron deficiency of 25% for pre-school age children and 30% for school age children, 37% for women and 18% for men by Petry et al. [5]