Component | Parameters studied |
---|---|
Personal information | Date of interview, name, address, phone number, identity card number, gender, age, occupation, ethnicity, marital status, academic qualification, monthly individual income and monthly household income. |
Medical and health history | Ever diagnosed for heart disease, stroke, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia and kidney disease. Consumption of diuretics and any special diet (diabetic diet, low-calorie or low-salt diet). |
Anthropometry and blood pressure measurement | Weight (TANITA Digital Weighing Scale HD 319-TANITA Corp., Tokyo, Japan), height (SECA Portable Stadiometer 213-SECA GmbH & Co. KG, Hamburg, Germany), waist circumference (SECA Bodymeter 206, Germany) and blood pressure (Omron HBP-1300-Omron Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). |
Knowledge, attitude and practice, and dietary behaviour | Knowledge on effect of salt on health, importance of lowering salt, perception of how much salt consumed, salt/sauce/enhancer usage during cooking and at the table, and actions taken to lower salt intake [14]. Dietary pattern on intake of breakfast, lunch and dinner (frequency in a week and source of food). |
Dietary intake (high sodium food sources) | Food frequency questionnaire [15]. |
24-h urine collection | Urine volume, sodium and creatinine measurement |