Skip to main content

Table 2 Study characteristics and mean sodium intake (mg/day) analysed using 24-h urinary excretion

From: Salt intake was higher among males and those with high BMI and waist circumference: introduction to the Malaysian Community Salt Survey (MyCoSS), a population-based salt intake survey in Malaysia

Characteristics

Unweighted count

%

Population size

Mean

95% confidence interval

Lower

Upper

Malaysia

798

100

14,243,927

3167

2987

3346

Gender

 Male

340

51.7

7,365,184

3519

3209

3828

 Female

458

48.3

6,887,075

2790

2650

2931

Age group (years)

 18–24

53

6.6

955,086

3266

2748

3783

 25–34

117

14.7

1,983,140

3556

3099

4013

 35–44

130

16.3

2,447,950

3531

3083

3980

 45–54

175

21.9

3,160,650

2955

2751

3159

 55–64

190

23.8

3,232,280

3047

2790

3305

 65+

133

16.7

2,473,153

2882

2507

3257

Location

 Urban

319

40.0

10,809,259

3254

3024

3483

 Rural

479

60.0

3,443,000

2894

2746

3041

Ethnicity

 Malay

501

62.8

9,480,360

3214

2992

3436

 Chinese

87

11.0

1,681,915

2926

2575

3278

 Indian

44

5.5

1,205,438

3408

2399

4417

 Bumiputera Sabah

89

11.1

1,352,484

2879

2489

3270

 Bumiputera Sarawak

64

8.0

342,464

2992

2740

3244

 Others

13

1.6

189,599

3772

2928

4616

Marital status

 Never married

94

11.8

1,644,183

3407

3060

3754

 Married

594

74.4

11,056,754

3224

3018

3430

 Separated

24

3.0

351,593

2374

1812

2937

 Widow/er

86

10.8

1,183,117

2528

2223

2833

Household income (RM)

 < 1000

239

29.9

3,357,918

2943

2749

3137

 1000–1999

153

19.2

2,516,305

3262

2901

3623

 2000–2999

131

16.4

2,284,080

3162

2700

3624

 3000–3999

90

11.3

1,707,701

2963

2487

3439

 > 4000

185

23.2

4,386,255

3365

3049

3682

Academic level

 None

64

5.1

731,726

2729

2112

3346

 Primary education

167

18.2

2,587,785

3051

2667

3436

 Secondary education

383

51.1

7,286,332

3232

2987

3476

 Tertiary education

184

25.6

3,646,416

3207

2956

3457

Occupation group

 Public sector

117

14.7

1,988,275

3326

2872

3780

 Private sector

126

15.8

2,451,061

3338

2990

3686

 Self-employed

179

22.4

3,278,506

3469

3038

3900

 Housewives

214

26.7

3,364,461

2905

2722

3088

 Unemployed

113

14.2

1,943,337

2887

2537

3237

 Student

15

1.9

280,201

2919

2183

3655

 Others

34

4.3

946,419

2919

2426

3411

Body mass indexa (kg/m2)

 Underweight (<18.5)

35

4.5

640115

2029

1698

2361

 Normal (18.5–24.9)

285

35.2

5009039

2877

2671

3082

 Pre-obese (25.0–29.9)

287

37.5

5350422

3285

3007

3562

 Obese (≥  30.0)

191

22.8

3252684

3643

3216

4070

Waist circumference (male) b(cm)

 < 90

410

48.7

6,945,737

2811

2639

2982

 ≥ 90

387

51.3

7,311,322

3506

3233

3777

Waist circumferenceb (female) b (cm)

 < 80

180

20.1

2,866,271

2675

2427

2923

 ≥ 80

620

79.9

11,396,476

3291

3098

3483

Blood pressurec (mmHg)

 < 140/90

489

61.3

8,986,647

3180

2952

3408

 ≥ 140/90

309

38.7

5,265,613

3144

2927

3360

  1. aBMI categories referring to WHO (1998) [14]
  2. bWaist circumference referring to WHO/IASO/IOTF (2000) [16]
  3. cBlood pressure referring to the Malaysian Ministry of Health Guideline [17]