Variable | Category | Crude OR | 95% CI | P value | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | ||||||
Age (years) | Less than 30 | 3.50 | 2.36 | 5.25 | 0.001 | 3.83 | 2.23 | 6.58 | <0.001 |
30 to <40 | 2.87 | 2.01 | 4.11 | 0.001 | 2.75 | 1.82 | 4.16 | <0.001 | |
40 to <50 | 1.68 | 1.19 | 2.37 | 0.003 | 1.67 | 1.14 | 2.56 | 0.009 | |
50 and above | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â | |
Gender | Male | 1.32 | 1.03 | 1.69 | 0.030 | 1.27 | 0.92 | 1.76 | 0.145 |
Female | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â | |
Ethnicity | Malay | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â |
Chinese | 1.17 | 0.78 | 1.74 | 0.450 | 1.21 | 0.78 | 1.87 | 0.388 | |
Indian | 0.46 | 0.26 | 0.79 | 0.005 | 0.46 | 0.25 | 0.82 | 0.009 | |
Others | 1.12 | 0.82 | 1.54 | 0.482 | 0.99 | 0.70 | 1.41 | 0.976 | |
Marital status | Never married | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â |
Married | 0.70 | 0.48 | 1.02 | 0.061 | 1.63 | 0.99 | 2.69 | 0.056 | |
Separated/widow/widower | 0.38 | 0.23 | 0.61 | <0.001 | 1.26 | 0.68 | 2.34 | 0.455 | |
Strata | Urban | 1.12 | 0.87 | 1.43 | 0.385 | 1.09 | 0.82 | 1.44 | 0.569 |
Rural | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â | |
Education level | No formal education | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â |
Primary education | 1.19 | 0.73 | 1.94 | 0.495 | 1.04 | 0.62 | 1.74 | 0.886 | |
Secondary education | 1.79 | 1.15 | 2.80 | 0.011 | 1.17 | 0..72 | 1.91 | 0.533 | |
Tertiary education | 2.43 | 1.50 | 3.96 | <0.001 | 1.19 | 0.66 | 2.15 | 0.564 | |
Occupation | Public sector | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â |
Private sector | 1.21 | 0.77 | 1.91 | 0.414 | 1.28 | 0.76 | 2.15 | 0.353 | |
Self employed | 0.86 | 0.56 | 1.31 | 0.470 | 1.11 | 0.69 | 1.81 | 0.666 | |
Housewives | 0.65 | 0.43 | 0.97 | 0.036 | 1.15 | 0.69 | 1.91 | 0.592 | |
Others | 0.65 | 0.42 | 1.01 | 0.053 | 0.99 | 0.59 | 1.65 | 0.953 | |
Body Mass Index (BMI) | Underweight | 0.98 | 0.52 | 1.84 | 0.950 | 0.76 | 0.38 | 1.50 | 0.429 |
Overweight | 0.72 | 0.54 | 0.97 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 0.55 | 1.02 | 0.069 | |
Obese | 0.59 | 0.43 | 0.82 | 0.002 | 0.60 | 0.43 | 0.86 | 0.005 | |
Normal | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â | |
Household income | <RM 1000 | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â |
RM 1000 -1999 | 1.03 | 0.72 | 1.47 | 0.857 | 0.76 | 0.52 | 1.12 | 0.167 | |
RM 2000 - 2999 | 1.53 | 1.05 | 2.22 | 0.027 | 0.98 | 0.64 | 1.48 | 0.899 | |
RM 3000 -3999 | 1.95 | 1.28 | 2.98 | 0.002 | 1.22 | 0.76 | 1.96 | 0.416 | |
>RM 4000 | 1.64 | 1.16 | 2.32 | 0.005 | 0.98 | 0.63 | 1.52 | 0.897 | |
Number of away from home meal | Not at all | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â |
One to two meals | 1.07 | 0.81 | 1,41 | 0.635 | 1.04 | 0.76 | 1.42 | 0.814 | |
Three meals | 1.67 | 1.19 | 2.35 | 0.003 | 1.29 | 0.86 | 1.93 | 0.222 |