Table 2 Factors associated with hypertension from univariate and multivariate logistic regression model
Characteristic | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | ||
Sex | Male | 1 .00 (reference) | 0.986 | ||
Female | 1.02 (0.78–1.28) | ||||
Age group | >34 | 1 .00 (reference) | 1 .00 (reference) | ||
35–44 | 3.34 (2.04–5.45) | <0.001 | 2.39 (1.39–4.09) | 0.002 | |
45–54 | 7.35 (4.62–11.67) | <0.001 | 5.50 (3.23–9.38) | <0.001 | |
55–64 | 19.35 (12.01–31.17) | <0.001 | 13.56 (7.77–23.64) | <0.001 | |
>65 | 32.04 (18.58–55.25 | <0.001 | 25.38 (13.13–48.66) | <0.001 | |
Academic level | None/primary | 1 .00 (reference) | 1 .00 (reference) | ||
Secondary | 0.37 (0.28–0.51) | <0.001 | 0.69 (0.46–1.02) | 0.064 | |
Tertiary | 0.19 (0.14–0.29) | <0.001 | 0.58 (0.34–0.98) | 0.042 | |
Household income | <RM1999 | 1 .00 (reference) | 1 .00 (reference) | ||
RM2000–RM3999 | 0.65 (0.49–0.87) | 0.003 | 1.54 (1.04–2.28) | 0.031 | |
>RM4000 | 0.43 (0.31–0.59) | <0.001 | 0.74 (0.46–1.16) | 0.735 | |
Marital status | Single/widowed | 1 .00 (reference) | 1 .00 (reference) | ||
Married | 1.32 (1.01–1.74) | 0.045 | 1.12 (0.47–1.61) | 0.550 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | <25 | 1 .00 (reference) | 1 .00 (reference) | ||
25–30 | 1.85 (1.39–2.46) | <0.001 | 1.84 (1.18–2.86) | 0.007 | |
≥ 30 | 3.34 (2.40–4.64) | <0.001 | 4.29 (2.55–7.29) | <0.001 | |
WC, cm | |||||
Men <90, women <80 | No | 1 .00 (reference) | 1 .00 (reference) | ||
Men ≥90, women ≥80 | Yes | 2.53 (1.94–3.30) | <0.001 | 1.16 (0.74–1.79) | 0.518 |
Smoking status | No | 1 .00 (reference) | 0.003 | 1 .00 (reference) | 0.82 |
Yes | 0.63 (0.46–0.86) | 0.96 (0.64–1.42) | |||
Physical activity | Inactive | 1 .00 (reference) | 0.438 | ||
Active | 0.91 (0.71–1.16) | ||||
Diabetes | No | 1 .00 (reference) | <0.001 | 1 .00 (reference) | <0.001 |
Yes | 5.71 (3.89–8.39) | 2.48 (1.59–3.87) | |||
Sodium intake (mg/d) | < 2000 | 1 .00 (reference) | <0.001 | 1 .00 (reference) | 0.686 |
≥ 2000 | 0.53 (0.42–0.68) | 0.94 (0.68–1.29) | |||