Table 1 Characteristics of study participants
| Characteristics |
Total N=492 |
Cases N=246 |
Controls N=246 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child’s age in years, mean (SD) | 7.27 (1.38) | 7.27 (1.38) | 7.27 (1.38) | 1.00 |
| Child’s gender | 1.00 | |||
| Male | 212 (43.09) | 106 (43.17) | 106 (43.17) | |
| Female | 280 (56.91) | 140 (56.91) | 140 (56.91) | |
| Number of children in the home | 0.66 | |||
| 1 | 48 (9.76) | 28 (11.38) | 20 (8.13) | |
| 2-3 | 184 (37.40) | 93 (37.80) | 99 (40.24) | |
| ≥4 | 260 (52.84) | 125 (50.81) | 135 (50.81) | |
| Type of house | 0.06 | |||
| Apartment | 68 (13.82) | 38 (15.44) | 30 (12.19) | |
| House | 424 (86.18) | 208 (84.55) | 216 (87.80) | |
| Family income per month (SR) | ||||
| <5000 | 89 (18.09) | 43(17.48) | 46(18.70) | |
| 5000-10,000 | 261 (53.05) | 120 (48.78) | 141(57.32) | |
| >10,000 S | 142 (28.86) | 83 (33.74) | 59 (23.98) | |
| Mother’s age (μ=36.51; SD=5.42) (years) | 0.93 | |||
| ≤30 | 76 (15.45) | 37 (15.04) | 39 (15.85) | |
| 31-40 | 327 (66.46) | 163 (66.26) | 164 (66.66) | |
| > 40 | 89 (18.09) | 46 (18.70) | 43 (21.54) | |
| Mother’s BMI (μ=29.61; SD=6.31) | 0.095 | |||
| Normal weight | 85 (17.30) | 35 (14.23) | 50 (20.32) | |
| Overweight/obese | 407 (82.72) | 211 (85.77) | 196 (79.67) | |
| Mother’s education | 0.92 | |||
| Middle school or less | 183 (37.19) | 92 (37.40) | 91 (36.99) | |
| High school | 146 (29.67) | 71 (28.86) | 75 (30.49) | |
| University and above | 163 (33.13) | 83 (33.74) | 80 (32.52) | |
| Mother’s employment status | 0.05 | |||
| Employed | 114 (23.17) | 66 (26.83) | 48 (19.51) | |
| Homemaker | 378 (76.82) | 180 (73.17) | 198 (40.24) | |
| Type of child delivery | <0.001 | |||
| Vaginal | 401 (81.50) | 182 (73.98) | 217 (88.21) | |
| Cesarean | 91 (18.50) | 62 (25.20) | 29 (11.79) | |
| Gestational diabetes | 0.44 | |||
| Yes | 70 (14.23) | 38 (15.45) | 32 (13.01) | |
| No | 422 (85.77) | 208 (84.55) | 214 (86.99) | |
| Father’s age (μ=42.28; SD=6.06) (years) | 0.28 | |||
| ≤30 | 17 (3.46) | 10 (4.06) | 7 (2.85) | |
| 31-40 | 202 (41.06) | 108 (43.90) | 94 (38.21) | |
| > 40 | 273 (55.49) | 128 (52.03) | 145 (58.94) | |
| Father’s BMI (μ=29.40; SD=6.66) | 0.029 | |||
| Normal weight | 82 (16.73) | 32 (13.00) | 50 (20.32) | |
| Overweight/obesity | 408 (82.92) | 214 (86.99) | 196 (78.86) | |
| Father’s education | 0.72 | |||
| Middle school or less | 84 (17.07) | 44 (17.89) | 40 (16.26) | |
| High School | 265 (53.86) | 128 (52.03) | 137 (55.69) | |
| University and above | 143 (29.07) | 74 (30.08) | 69 (28.05) | |
| Father’s employment status | <0.001 | |||
| Employed | 312 (65.41) | 95 (38.62) | 217 (88.21) | |
| Non-employed | 180 (36.59) | 151 (61.38) | 29 (11.79) |