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Table 1 SM mix adapted for the healthy breakfast and snack consumption

From: The promotion of healthy breakfast and snacks based on the social marketing model: a mixed-methods study

SM mix

Strategies

Product: The product strategy refers to the preferences which restrict the consumption of healthy breakfast.

Serving method (a homemade decorated snack served in a dish at school)

Diversity (diversity in different meals instead of diversity in a single meal)

Characteristics which show that the product is healthy (packed with the ingredient table on the package, to be homemade)

The appearance of the package

Taste

Warm food serving

Price: The cost strategy refers to the readiness for paying the time-related, psychological, financial, and social costs of healthy breakfast consumption.

Reducing price/barriers through

• Making snacks at home

• Promoting perceived benefits and making prices acceptable through the theoretical concepts related to the behavior (i.e. fear over the complications of breakfast skipping, perceived self-efficacy, and perceived benefits

• Implementing the intervention at school

• Direct experience of snack making and preparation

Place: The place strategy denotes the pleasant physical and social environment for healthy breakfast consumption.

Healthy snack time at school

Placing healthy snack in school buffet

Promotion: This strategy consists of the channels which promote the consumption of healthy breakfast.

Making the product, place, and prices attractive through formal and informal channels

Educational methods and devices (animation, workshop, poster, painting, etc.)