Table 2 Multivariable associations with underweight and overweight/obesity (with normal weight as reference category)
Variable | Underweight | Overweight/Obesity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Adjusted RRR (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted RRR (95% CI) | p value |
Age in years | ||||
 18–29 | 1 (Reference) |  | 1 (Reference) |  |
 30–44 | 0.90 (0.55, 1.77) | 0.972 | 2.00 (1.51, 2.66) | < 0.001 |
 45–69 | 0.91 (0.45, 1.87) | 0.805 | 1.58 (1.09, 2.31) | 0.017 |
Sex | ||||
 Female | 1 (Reference) |  | 1 (Reference) |  |
 Male | 0.30 (0.15, 0.58) | < 0.001 | 0.74 (0.47, 1.17) | 0.201 |
Education | ||||
 None | 1 (Reference) |  | 1 (Reference) |  |
 Primary or less | 2.01 (0.67, 6.02) | 0.210 | 0.88 (0.58, 1.32) | 0.528 |
 Secondary or more | 2.75 (0.98, 7.71) | 0.054 | 1.06 (0.65, 1.74) | 0.809 |
Adult household members | ||||
 1–3 | 1 (Reference) |  | 1 (Reference) |  |
 3–5 | 1.22 (0.66, 2.26) | 0.533 | 0.82 (0.55, 1.20) | 0.299 |
 ≥ 6 | 0.96 (0.52, 1.80) | 0.908 | 0.93 (0.69, 1.31) | 0.689 |
Residence | ||||
 Rural | 1 (Reference) |  | 1 (Reference) |  |
 Urban | 0.70 (0.42, 1.15) | 0.156 | 1.05 (0.79, 1.40) | 0.733 |
Fruit and vegetable consumption | ||||
 ≤ 1 servings | 1 (Reference) |  | 1 (Reference) |  |
 2 servings | 0.85 (0.49, 1.46) | 0.548 | 1.11 (0.69, 1.79) | 0.670 |
 ≥ 3 servings | 0.36 (0.09, 1.50) | 0.159 | 1.26 (0.84, 1.90) | 0.264 |
For meal preparation | ||||
 Mainly butter or ghee | 1 (Reference) |  | 1 (Reference) |  |
 Vegetable oil | 1.65 (0.82, 3.31) | 0.157 | 0.99 (0.78, 1.27) | 0.967 |
Add salt before/when eating | ||||
 Sometimes or rarely or never | 1 (Reference) |  | 1 (Reference) |  |
 Always or often | 0.48 (0.28, 1.03) | 0.062 | 0.91 (0.64, 1.29) | 0.590 |
Eats processed foods high in salt | ||||
 Sometimes or rarely or never | 1 (Reference) |  | 1 (Reference) |  |
 Always or often | 0.85 (0.44, 1.64) | 0.620 | 1.36 (0.74, 2.50) | 0.315 |
Meals outside home | ||||
 0 | 1 (Reference) |  | 1 (Reference) |  |
 ≥ 1 | 0.73 (0.20, 2.64) | 0.624 | 1.03 (0.57, 1.87) | 0.923 |
Physical activity | ||||
 Low | 1 (Reference) |  | 1 (Reference) |  |
 Moderate | 0.72 (0.32, 1.64) | 0.434 | 0.75 (0.51, 1.10) | 0.143 |
 High | 0.77 (0.43, 1.38) | 0.371 | 0.70 (0.50, 0.98) | 0.037 |
Sedentary behaviour | ||||
 < 8 h/day | 1 (Reference) |  | 1 (Reference) |  |
 ≥ 8 h/day | 1.85 (1.11, 3.10) | 0.019 | 1.24 (0.95, 1.63) | 0.112 |
Current tobacco use | ||||
 No | 1 (Reference) |  | 1 (Reference) |  |
 Yes | 2.58 (1.08, 6.16) | 0.033 | 1.13 (0.83, 1.55) | 0.439 |
Ever alcohol use | ||||
 No | 1 (Reference) |  | 1 (Reference) |  |
 Yes | 0.73 (0.08, 6.79) | 0.783 | 0.41 (0.08, 2.08) | 0.279 |
Hypertension | ||||
 No | 1 (Reference) |  | 1 (Reference) |  |
 Yes | 0.51 (0.27, 0.95) | 0.034 | 2.74 (1.89, 3.96) | < 0.001 |
Type 2 diabetes | ||||
 No | 1 (Reference) |  | 1 (Reference) |  |
 Yes | 1.17 (0.53, 2.52) | 0.704 | 1.82 (1.13, 2.94) | 0.014 |