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Table 2 Results of bivariate (unadjusted) and multivariable (adjusted) mixed effect Poisson regression for explanatory variables of health service utilization score, Ethiopia

From: Inequalities in adherence to the continuum of maternal and child health service utilization in Ethiopia: multilevel analysis

Variables

Unadjusted

Adjusted

RR (95% CI)

p values

RR (95% CI)

p values

Random effect only model

  

0.470 * (0.41–0.054)

 < 0.05

Fixed effects

Sex

MaleRC

    

Female

0.97 (0.93–1.01)

0.061

0.98 (0.94–0.02)

0.399

Birth order

FirstRC

    

Second and above

0.62 (0.51–0.65)

0.000

0.42 (0.39–0.44)

0.000

Age of the mother

15–24RC

    

25–34

0.75 (0.71–0.78)

0.000

0.76 (0.72–0.81)

0.000

34+

0.85 (0.81–0.89)

0.000

0.43–0.39–0.47)

0.000

Types of regions

Highly urbanized/more developedRC

    

Medium-level urbanization

0.07 (0.04–0.11)

0.000

0.65 (0.56–0.76)

0.000

Low urbanized/least developed

0.01 (0.01–0.02)

0.000

0.31 (0.26–0.38)

0.000

Education of mother

No educationRC

    

Primary level

1.44 (1.38–1.51)

0.000

1.49 (1.41–1.57)

0.000

Secondary and higher level

1.83 (1.72–1.95)

0.000

1.77 (1.64–1.90)

0.000

Type of family structure

MonogamyRC

    

Polygamy

0.89 (0.83–0.95)

0.001

0.87 (0.81–0.93)

0.000

Parity

0–3RC

    

4–6

0.57 (0.54–0.59)

0.000

0.10 (0.097–0.11)

0.000

7 and above

0.57 (0.54–0.61)

0.000

0.002 (0.002–0.003)

0.000

Ever termination

NoRC

    

Yes

1.12 (1.05–1.19)

0.001

1.10 (1.02–1.17)

0.005

Work status

NoRC

    

Yes

0.79 (0.76–0.83)

0.000

0.87 (0.83–0.91)

0.000

Wealth index

Poorest/poorerRC

    

Middle

1.23 (1.16–1.31)

0.000

1.12 (1.05–1.20)

0.001

Richest/richer

1.64 (1.54–1.74)

0.000

1.19 (1.14–1.27)

0.000

Intimate Partners Violence/IPV

No or low violenceRC

    

Mild violence

1.11 (1.05–1.18)

0.000

1.06 (0.99–1.12)

0.071

High violence

1.24 (1.18–1.32)

0.000

1.10 (1.04–1.18)

0.001

Access to radio

YesRC

    

No

0.74 (0.07–0.78)

0.000

0.86 (0.82–0.90)

0.000

Constant

0.07 (0.04–0.10)

0.000

  

(Scale) offset

1

   

Deviance goodness of fit/DF = 1.31

Number of groups: 642

    
  1. RC Reference Category, RR rate ratio, CI confidence interval