Table 3 Factors associated with food consumption score among pregnant women in Haramaya District, eastern Ethiopia, 2021 (n = 448)

Wealth index (quantile)

 Poorest

48 (19.67)

42 (20.59)

1

1

 Poor

50 (20.49)

40 (19.61)

10.4 (0.79, 1.36)

1.78 (.91, 1.52)

0.021 *

 Middle

42 (17.21)

47 (23.04)

0.88 (0.66, 1.12)

1.05 (0.77, 1.42)

 Rich

40 (16.39)

50 (24.51)

0.83 (0.62, 1.13)

1.01 (0.77, 1.35)

 Richest

64 (26.23)

25 (12.25)

1.35 (1.07, 1.70)

1.31 (1.04, 1.66)

Agricultural land possession

 Yes

107 (43.85)

70 (34.31)

1

1

 No

137 (56.15)

134 (65.69)

0.83 (0.70, 098)

0.84 (0.72, 0.99)

0.046*

ANC visit

 No

53 (21.72)

111 (54.41)

1

1

 Yes

191 (78.28)

93 (45.59)

2.08 (1.64, 2.64)

1.78 (1.40, 2.27)

 < 0.001**

Attitude

 Unfavorable

135 (55.33)

167 (81.86)

1

1

 Favorable

109 (44.67)

37 (18.14)

1.67 (1.43, 1.95)

1.30 (1.12, 1.52)

 < 0.001**

Meal frequency

  < 4

156 (63.93)

175 (85.78)

1

1

  ≥ 4

88 (36.07)

29 (14.22)

1.60 (1.36, 1.86)

1.16 (0.94, 1.43)

0.158

Consumption of ASFs

 Low

162 (66.39)

175 (85.78)

1

1

 High

82 (33.61)

29 (14.22)

1.54 (1.31, 1.79)

1.22 (1.01 1.51)

0.049*

Craving (strongly liked for food)

 No

114 (54.55)

126 (72.41)

1

1

 Yes

95 (45.45)

48 (27.59)

0.72 (0.60, 0 .85)

0.82 (0.67, 0.95)

0.231