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Table 3 Odds ratio for multimorbidity by residence, LASI 2017–2018

From: A combination of moderate and vigorous physical activities reduces the burden of multimorbidity: findings from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India

Characteristics

Rural

Urban

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

Age

45–49

1 [ref.]

 

1 [ref.]

 

50–54

2.30*

[1.85–2.85]

1.28

[0.84–1.93]

55–59

2.71*

[2.21–3.32]

2.68*

[1.70–4.22]

60–64

3.94*

[3.22–4.82]

3.69*

[2.53–5.38]

65–69

3.96*

[3.22–4.87]

5.29*

[3.42–8.19]

70+

5.05*

[4.05–6.30]

5.43*

[3.45–8.53]

Gender

Male

1 [ref.]

 

1 [ref.]

 

Female

1.13***

[0.99–1.29]

1.08

[0.87–1.34]

Wealth quintiles

Poorest

1 [ref.]

 

1 [ref.]

 

Poorer

1.28**

[1.03–1.60]

1.17

[0.93–1.47]

Middle

1.41*

[1.15–1.73]

1.38**

[1.06–1.79]

Richer

1.80*

[1.48–2.19]

1.89*

[1.37–2.59]

Richest

2.13*

[1.75–2.59]

2.48*

[1.76–3.50]

Caste

Others

1 [ref.]

 

1 [ref.]

 

SC

0.92

[0.77–1.09]

1.13

[0.84–1.52]

ST

0.61*

[0.49–0.77]

0.73

[0.47–1.14]

OBC

0.97

[0.85–1.11]

0.98

[0.79–1.22]

Religion

Hindu

1 [ref.]

 

1 [ref.]

 

Muslim

1.32*

[1.12–1.55]

1.33**

[1.04–1.71]

Others

1.40*

[1.14–1.72]

1.03

[0.80–1.32]

Marital status

Currently married

1 [ref.]

 

1 [ref.]

 

Widowed

0.94

[0.59–1.51]

1.45

[0.73–2.88]

Divorced/separated/deserted/others

0.72

[0.39–1.30]

1.24

[0.59–2.62]

Education

No schooling

1 [ref.]

 

1 [ref.]

 

< 5 years complete

1.44*

[1.20–1.73]

1.45**

[1.07–1.96]

5–9 years

1.47*

[1.27–1.71]

1.49**

[1.08–2.05]

> 10 years

1.96*

[1.64–2.34]

1.31

[0.93–1.86]

Physical activity

Inactive

1 [ref.]

 

1 [ref.]

 

Only vigorous

0.65*

[0.52–0.81]

0.72

[0.46–1.13]

Only moderate

0.82*

[0.72–0.93]

0.87

[0.68–1.11]

Both moderate and vigorous

0.56*

[0.48–0.65]

0.73***

[0.51–1.05]

Living arrangement

Living alone

1 [ref.]

 

1 [ref.]

 

Living with spouse

0.91

[0.54–1.52]

2.68**

[1.20–5.99]

Spouse and children

1.03

[0.62–1.71]

2.66**

[1.18–6.03]

Children and others

1.09

[0.83–1.44]

1.97**

[1.12–3.49]

Others only

0.97

[0.69–1.38]

1.39

[0.78–2.46]

Overweight/obesity

No

1 [ref.]

 

1 [ref.]

 

Yes

2.25*

[1.97–2.56]

1.94*

[1.58–2.37]

Region

North

1 [ref.]

 

1 [ref.]

 

Central

0.66*

[0.54–0.81]

0.80***

[0.64–1.01]

East

1.04

[0.88–1.23]

1.34**

[1.06–1.68]

Northeast

0.82***

[0.66–1.01]

0.84

[0.60–1.18]

West

1.23**

[1.01–1.49]

1.11

[0.90–1.38]

South

1.41*

[1.20–1.66]

1.50*

[1.15–1.95]

  1. *, **, *** indicates significant at 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively