The trend in mean height of Guatemalan women born between 1945 and 1995: a century behind

Table 4 Variables associated with the mean height for indigenous and non-indigenous women born in Guatemala between 1945 and 1995

Variable	Categories	Indigenous women			Non-indigenous women
Variable	Categories	Coefficient	SE	p value¹	Coefficient	SE	p value¹
	Intercept	146.42	0.339	< 0.0001	146.81	0.296	< 0.0001
Annual increase	Year birth cohort	0.027	0.004	< 0.0001	0.017	0.004	< 0.0001
Education level	None	Reference			Reference
	Primary	0.736	0.095	< 0.0001	1.341	0.114	< 0.0001
	Secondary	2.096	0.144	< 0.0001	2.984	0.138	< 0.0001
	Higher	2.887	0.249	< 0.0001	4.332	0.182	< 0.0001
Wealth quintile	Lower	Reference			Reference
	Lowest	0.557	0.109	< 0.0001	1.274	0.143	< 0.0001
	Middle	0.931	0.128	< 0.0001	2.151	0.145	< 0.0001
	High	1.753	0.151	< 0.0001	3.03	0.152	< 0.0001
	Highest	2.890	0.201	< 0.0001	4.721	0.168	< 0.0001
Geo− Admin. Region	Metropolitan	Reference			Reference
	Central	− 1.245	0.309	< 0.0001	− 0.343	0.25
	North	− 0.874	0.324	< 0.001	0.514	0.354
	Northeast	0.246	0.382		− 0.068	0.251
	Southeast	1.097	0.398	< 0.001	0.844	0.245	< 0.0001
	Northwest	− 1.692	0.305	< 0.0001	− 0.253	0.317
	Southwest	− 1.379	0.274	< 0.0001	− 1.207	0.226	< 0.0001
	Petén	− 0.972	0.496	< 0.01	0.353	0.384
Elevation	per 1,000 m above sea level	− 0.971	0.495	< 0.0001	− 0.998	0.103	< 0.0001
Random effects	Intercept variance	3.188			2.932
	Residual variance	14.827			15.883
	Variance Partitioning Coefficient	17.77%			15.61%

¹Mixed-effects linear regression model
Data source: DHS 1995, DHS 1998–1999, DHS 2002, DHS 2008–2009 and DHS 2014–2015 [27, 35,36,37,38]

ISSN: 2072-1315