Table 2 Knowledge of patients with T2D regarding COVID-19 (n = 357)

Sex

Man

81.15 (25.48)

55.66 (23.46)

86.19 (25.09)

71.73 (19.40)

73.68 (18.77)

Women

81.58 (22.71

57.12 (19.45)

89.92 (19.80)

69.46 (18.06)

74.52 (14.78)

MD [95% CI]

− 0.43

[− 5.59 to 4.72]^ns

− 1.46

[− 6.01to 3.10]^ns

− 3.73

[− 8.47 to 1.00]^ns

2.27

[− 1.76 to 0.30]^ns

− 0.83

[− 4.38 to 2.70]^ns

Cohen’s d [SMD]

− 0.19 [−0.23 to 0.20]^ns

− 0.07

[− 0.29to .15]^ns

− 0.17

[− 0.39 to .05]^ns

0.12

[− 0.1 to 0.33]^ns

− 0.05

[− 0.26 to 0.16]^ns

Age

<58 years

56.35 (20.03)

58.77 (21.96)

91.97 (17.13)

73.67 (16.54)

77.69 (13.98)

>58 years

76.54 (26.02)

54.43 (19.74)

85.22 (25.37)

66.90 (19.85)

70.77 (17.69)

MD [95% CI]

9.82

[4.98 to 14.65]^**

4.34

[− 0.002 to 8.69]^*

6.74

[2.23 to 11.25]^**

6.77

[2.97to10.58]^**

6.91

[3.60to 10.24]^**

Cohen’s d [SMD]

0.42

[0.21 to 0.63]^**

0.20

[− 0001 to 0.42]^*

0.31

[0.10 to 0.51]^**

0.37

[0.16 to 0.57]^**

0.43

[0.22 to 0.64]^**

Residence

Urban

87.76 (16.41)

6.48 (21.00)

94.17 (12.03)

77.36 (14.68)

79.94 (10.53)

Rural

70.51 (29.73)

49.90 (19.20)

78.95 (30.22)

58.05 (18.24)

64.35 (19.52)

MD [95% CI]

17.24

[12.44to22.04^**

10.57

[6.17to14.98]^**

15.21

[10.76to19.68]^**

19.3

[15.84to22.78]^**

15.59

[12.46to 18.72]^**

Cohen’s d [SMD]

0.77

[0.55 to 0.99]^**

0.51

[0.30to 0.73]^**

0.74

[0.50 to 0.96]^**

1.20

[0.97 to 1.43]^**

1.08

[0.85 to 1.30]^**

Diabetes in relatives

Yes

87.43 (17.92)

60.69 (21.82)

92.58 (16.46)

74.28 (16.59)

78.81 (12.82)

No

73.51 (27.81)

50.85 (18.30)

83.31 (26.60)

64.99 (19.71)

68.16 (18.35)

MD [95% CI]

13.93

[9.15to18.70]^**

10.10

[5.82to14.40]^**

9.27

[4.77 to 13.77]^**

92.9

[5.5 to 13.07]^**

10.46

[7.40 to 3.90]^**

Cohen’s d [SMD]

0.61

[0.39 to 0.82]^**

0.49

[0/28 to 0.71]^**

0.43

[0.22 to 0.64]^**

0.5

[0.30 to 0.72]^**

0.69

[0.47 to 0.90]^**

Educational status

Illiteracy

76.66 (25.59)

53.03 (20.24)

85.73 (24.50)

67.40 (18.77)

70.70 (17.02)

Literacy

91.34 (15.08)

64.01 (20.58)

94.50 (13.34)

76.25 (16.67)

81.53 (11.77)

MD [95% CI]

− 14.68

[− 19.73 to − .42]^**

− 10.97

[15.5 to − 0.45]^**

− 8.87

[− 13.55 to 3.98]^**

− 8.85

[− 12.88 to − 0.82]^**

− 10.82

[− 14.26 to − 7.37]^**

Cohen’s d [SMD]

− 0.65

[− 0.87to − 0.42]^**

− 0.54

[− 0.76 to − 0.31]^**

− 0.41

[− 0.63 to − 0.18]^**

− 0.49

[− 0.71 to − 0.26]^**

− 0.70

[− 0.92 to − 0.47]^**

Marital status

married

82.85 (22.28)

56.97 (21.04)

89.06 (20.48)

71.60 (18.10)

75.12 (15.44)

other

69.52 (31.29)

53.45 (20.22)

84.60 (31.40)

59.15 (18.84)

66.68 (21.09)

MD [95% CI]

13.33

[5.44 to 21.22]^**

3.52

[− 3.55 to 10.60]^ns

4.45

[− 2.92 to 11.83]^ns

12.45

[6.3 to 18.56]^**

8.44

[2.10 to 13.88]^**

Cohen’s d [SMD]

0.57

[0.23 to 0.90]^**

0.16

[− 0.16 to 0.50]^ns

0.20

[− 0.13 to 0.54]^ns

0.68

[0.34 to 1.02]^**

0.52

[0.18 to 0.86]^**

Duration of diagnosis

<5 years

83.35 (23.32)

59.96 (22.02)

91.21 (20.22)

70.71 (17.88)

76.31 (15.51)

>5 years

78.98 (24.06)

52.30 (18.72)

85.24 (23.48)

69.72 (19.42)

71.56 (16.95)

MD [95% CI]

4.37

[− 0.58 to 9.33]^*

7.65

[3.33 to 11.99]^**

5.97

[1.41 to 10.52]^**

0.99

[− 2.9 to 40.9]^ns

4.75

[− 1.36 to 8.13]^**

Cohen’s d [SMD]

0.18

[− 0.02 to 0.39]^*

0.37

[0.16 to 0.58]^**

0.27

[0.06 to 0.48]^**

0.53

[− 0.16 to 0.26]^ns

0.29

[0.84 to 0.50]^**

Medication

metformin

77.95 (26.48)

56.31 (21.36)

85 (25.87)

67.18 (18.68)

71.61 (19.14)

other

86.39 (18.03)

57.01 (20.45)

93.71 (12.86)

74.69 (17.51)

77.95 (9.10)

MD [95% CI]

− 8.43

[− 13.38 to − 0.49]^**

− 0.70

[− 0.14 to 3.73]^ns

− 8.7

[− 13.25 to − 4.16]^**

− 7.50

[− 11.35 to − 3.65]^**

− 6.34

[− 9.73 to − 2.94]^**

Cohen's d [SMD]

− 0.36

[− 0.57 to − 0.14]^**

− 0.03

*[− 0.24 to 0.17]^ns

− 0.40

[− 0.61 to − 0.19]^**

− 0.41

[− 0.62 to − 0.20]^**

− 0.39

[− 0.61 to − 0.18]^**