Table 3 Attitude of patients with T2D towards COVID-19 (n = 357)

Sex

Man

76.17 (32.58)

90.04 (19.92)

69.92 (22.04)

54.30 (28.77)

71.48 (16.37)

Women

82.09 (31.87)

93.67 (17.15)

72.49 (23.69)

54.37 (28.82)

73.66 (13.94)

MD [95% CI]

− 9.92

[− 12.89 to 1.04]^*

− 3.63

[− 7.58 to 0.31]^*

− 2.57

[− 7.59 to 2.45]^ns

− 0.07

[− 6.32 to 6.18]^ns

− 2.18

[− 5.4 to 1.04]^ns

Cohen's d [SMD]

− 0.18

[− 0.40 to 0.32]^*

− 0.20

[− 0.41 to 0.01]^*

− 0.11

[− 0.33 to 0.11]^ns

− 0.002

[− 0.22 to 0.21]^ns

− 0.14

[− 0.36 to 0.07]^ns

Age

<58 years

80.90 (32.62)

93.68 (16.55)

65.17 (21.30)

47.19 (27.34)

76.97 (15.02)

>58 years

79.05 (30.80)

91.06 (19.75)

77.93 (23.14)

61.45 (28.44)

68.82 (13.59)

MD [95% CI]

1.85

[− 4.86 to 8.56]^ns

2.62

[− 1.18 to 6.41]^ns

− 12.76

[− 17.4 to − 8.13]^**

− 14.26

[− 20.06 to − 8.45]^**

8.15

[5.16 to 11.13]^**

Cohen's d [SMD]

0.05

[− 0.15 to 0.26]^ns

0.14

[− 0.061 to 0.35]^ns

− 0.57

[− 0.78 to − 0.36]^**

0.51

[− 0.72 to − 0.29]^**

0.56

[035 to 0.78]^**

Residence

Urban

87.38 (28.01)

94.24 (14.72)

67.69 (22.53)

57.08 (29.43)

75.80 (14.28)

Rural

67.17 (34.95)

89.12 (22.81)

78.24 (22.65)

49.62 (27.03)

67.84 (14.57)

MD [95% CI]

20.21

[13.58 to 26.85]^**

5.12

[1.22 to 9.04]^**

− 10.54

[− 15.42 to − 5.67]^**

7.46

[1.28 to 13.63]^**

79.96

[4.85 to 11.06]^**

Cohen's d [SMD]

0.66

[0.44 to 0.88]^**

0.28

[0.07 to 0.50] ^**

− 0.46

[− 0.68 to − 0.24]^**

0.26

[0.04 to 0.47]^**

0.55

[0.33 to 0.77]^**

Illiteracy

Educational status

76.97 (34.13)

91.28 (19.68)

74.69 (32.21)

56.74 (29.29)

70.33 (15.04)

Literacy

86.21 (26.85)

94.61 (14.74)

65.09 (21.59)

49.35 (27.08)

78.18 (13.07)

MD [95% CI]

− 9.24

[− 16.34 to − 2.13]^**

− 3.32

[− 7.37 to 0.72]^**

9.6

[4.56 to 14.64]^**

7.39

[1.03 to 13.74]^**

− 7.84

[− 11.05 to − 4.64]^**

Cohen's d [SMD]

− 0.28

[− 0.51 to 0.− 0.06]^**

− 0.18

[− 0.40 to 0.04]^**

0.42

[0.20 to 0.65]^**

0.26

[0.03 to 0.48]^**

− 0.54

[− 0.77 to − 0.31]^**

Marital status

Married

81.19 (31.83)

93.26 (17.10)

71.32 (23.03)

55.09( 28.52)

73.35 (14.75)

Other

69.74 (33.97)

84.86 (25.03)

73.68 (23.93)

48.03 (30.41)

68.91 (15.48)

MD [95% CI]

11.45

[0.63 to 22.27]^**

8.39

[2.28 to 14.50]^**

− 2.37

[− 10.17 to 5.44]^ns

7.08

[− 2.62 to 16.76]^ns

4.43

[− 0.56 to 9.44]^**

Cohen's d [SMD]

0.36

[0.01 to 0.69]^**

0.46

[0.12 to 0.80]^**

− 0.10

[− 0.44 to 0.23]^ns

0.25

[− 0.09 to 0.58^ns

0.29

[− 0.04 to 0.64]^**

Number of

>3 child

78.91 (32.68)

92 (18.73)

73.8 (22.93)

54.54 (28.04)

72.23 (14.52)

<3 child

83.54 (30.48)

93.60 (16.58)

66.16 (23.03)

53.66 (31.21)

75.08 (15.88)

MD [95% CI]

− 4.62

[− 12.59 to 3.34]^ns

− 1.60

[− 6.12 to 2.92]^ns

7.02

[1.34 to 12.70]^**

0.89

[− 6.24 to 8.01]^ns

− 2.84

[− 6.52 to 0.82]^ns

Cohen's d [SMD]

− 0.14

[− 0.39 to 0.11]^ns

− 0.09

[− 0.33 to 0.16]^ns

0.30

[0.06 to 0.55]^**

0.03

[− 0.21 to 0.28]^ns

− 0.19

[− 0.43 to 0.05]^ns

Medication

Metformin

78.81 (34.46)

90.83 (20.37)

66.55 (21.57)

51.67 (25.24)

73.42 (15.61)

Other

81.63 (28.72)

94.55 (14.49)

78.74 (23.11)

58.16 (32.86)

72.81 (13.85)

MD [95% CI]

− 2.82

[− 9.64 to 3.99]^ns

− 3.72

[− 7.57 to 0.12]^**

− 12.19

[16.92 to − 7.46]^**

− 6.5

[− 12.55to− 0.44]^**

1.31

[− 1.83 to 4.46]^ns

Cohen's d [SMD]

− 0.08

[− 0.29 to 0.12]^ns

− 0.20

[− 0.41 to 0.01]^**

− 0.54

[− 0.76 to − 0.33]^**

− 0.23

[− 0.44 to − 0.01]^**

0.08

[− 0.12 to 0.30]^ns