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Table 1 Characteristics of participants grouped by diabetes

From: Dose-response association between dietary folate and niacin intakes with diabetes among Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Non-diabetic group

(n = 2611)

Diabetic group

(n = 495)

P value

Female, n (%)

1556 (59.6)

247 (49.9)

 < 0.001

Age (year)

57 (45, 66)

64 (56, 72)

 < 0.001

Educational level, n (%)

  

 < 0.001

 Elementary level or lower

735 (28.2)

187 (37.9)

 

 Junior high school level

963 (37.0)

170 (34.4)

 

 High school level

646 (24.8)

99 (20.0)

 

 College level or higher

258 (9.9)

38 (7.7)

 

Marital status, n (%)

  

0.003

 Unmarried

92 (3.5)

6 (1.2)

 

 Currently married

2198 (84.8)

411 (83.5)

 

 Others

(widowed, divorced, etc.)

302 (11.7)

75 (15.2)

 

Place of residence, n (%)

  

0.004

 Urban

2156 (82.6)

435 (87.9)

 

 Rural

455 (17.4)

60 (12.1)

 

Smoking, n (%)

734 (28.1)

174 (35.2)

0.002

General obesity, n (%)

343 (13.1)

102 (20.6)

 < 0.001

Abdominal obesity, n (%)

1036 (39.7)

288 (58.2)

 < 0.001

FPG (mmol/L)

4.82 (4.36, 5.33)

7.40 (6.29, 9.52)

 < 0.001

HbA1c (%)

4.90 (4.30, 5.50)

7.10 (5.80, 8.40)

 < 0.001

Energy (kcal)

1408.00 (1129.00, 1739.00)

1372.00 (1144.00, 1673.00)

0.499

Vitamin A (μgRE)

280.00 (134.00, 500.00)

285.00 (155.00, 435.00)

0.946

Thiamine (mg)

0.44 (0.32, 0.64)

0.43 (0.31, 0.56)

0.024

Riboflavin (mg)

0.59 (0.42, 0.81)

0.56 (0.42, 0.73)

0.018

Vitamin B6 (mg)

0.12 (0.05, 0.22)

0.12 (0.06, 0.21)

0.307

Folate (μg)

27.60 (9.30, 57.80)

32.03 (15.37, 57.70)

0.001

Niacin (mg)

7.90 (5.50, 11.60)

7.00 (5.00, 9.40)

 < 0.001

Vitamin C (mg)

45.70 (23.30, 79.50)

40.60 (25.30, 62.80)

0.010

Vitamin E (mg)

24.75 (14.95, 41.73)

27.82 (16.39, 42.19)

0.046

  1. General obesity, Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28 kg/m2; Abdominal obesity, male: waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90 cm and female: WC ≥ 85 cm; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin