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Table 2 General characteristics of participants

From: Comparing food consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of household income and expenditure survey data in Iran

Variables

Urban

Rural

2019 mean ± SD or number (%)

2020 mean ± SD or number (%)

P-value

2019 mean ± SD or number (%)

2020 mean ± SD or number (%)

P-value

Age

52.14 ± 16.25

52.26 ± 15.75

0.459

50.93 ± 14.96

51.50 ± 14.80

 < 0.001

SES category

  

1.00

  

1.00

 SES 1

4607 (25.0)

4562 (25.0)

 

4974 (25.0)

4826 (25.0)

 

 SES 2

4607 (25.0)

4563 (25.0)

 

4974 (25.0)

4827 (25.0)

 

 SES 3

4608 (25.0)

4563 (25.0)

 

4975 (25.0)

4827 (25.0)

 

 SES 4

4607 (25.0)

4562 (25.0)

 

4974 (25.0)

4826 (25.0)

 

Literacy

  

 < 0.001

  

0.199

 Uneducated

12,384 (67.2)

12,726 (69.7)

 

16,566 (83.3)

16,167 (83.7)

 

 Primary or higher education

6045 (32.8)

5524 (30.3)

 

3331 (16.7)

3139 (16.3)

 

Marital status

  

0.364

  

0.013

 Married

15,385 (83.5)

15,151 (83.0)

 

16,926 (85.1)

16,221 (84.0)

 

 Widow

2629 (14.3)

2640 (14.5)

 

2345 (11.8)

2421 (12.5)

 

 Single

192 (1.0)

215 (1.2)

 

350 (1.8)

399 (2.1)

 

 Divorced

223 (1.2)

244 (1.3)

 

276 (1.4)

265 (1.4)

 
  1. Data were presented as N (%) for categorical variables and mean ± SD for continuous variables
  2. SES Socioeconomic status
  3. The significant level is considered as P-value < 0.05