Comparing food consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of household income and expenditure survey data in Iran

Table 6 The comparison of energy and macronutrients consumption between categories of SES score at two time points (2019 and 2020)

Variables	SES 1				SES 2				SES 3				SES 4
Variables	2019 mean ± SD	2020 mean ± SD	Difference (%)	P-value	2019 mean ± SD	2020 mean ± SD	Difference(%)	P-value	2019 mean ± SD	2020 mean ± SD	Difference (%)	P-value	2019 mean ± SD	2020 mean ± SD	Difference (%)	P-value
Total energy (kcl)	2986.08 ± 1214.82	2927.45 ± 1174.43	− 1.96	0.001	2787.04 ± 1089.94	2739.75 ± 1038.52	− 1.70	0.003	2715.81 ± 1021.67	2691.65 ± 979.34	− 0.89	0.106	2742.96 ± 1041.98	2705.35 ± 993.20	− 1.37	0.014
Protein*	13.13 ± 2.53	13.18 ± 2.29	0.38	0.229	13.10 ± 2.23	13.19 ± 2.11	0.69	0.006	13.24 ± 2.12	13.28 ± 2.10	0.30	0.179	13.54 ± 2.34	13.59 ± 2.21	0.37	0.144
Carbohydrate*	61.22 ± 8.53	61.03 ± 8.35	− 0.31	0.151	61.10 ± 7.54	60.99 ± 7.28	− 0.18	0.307	60.70 ± 7.30	60.69 ± 7.03	− 0.02	0.897	60.08 ± 7.60	60.17 ± 7.45	0.15	0.430
Fat*	27.75 ± 9.32	27.87 ± 9.12	0.43	0.384	27.87 ± 8.15	27.89 ± 7.87	0.07	0.861	28.16 ± 7.82	28.14 ± 7.55	− 0.07	0.910	28.56 ± 7.94	28.41 ± 7.72	− 0.53	0.188

*Presented as % of total energy
Statistics are expressed as mean ± SD
SES Socioeconomic status
P-value was reborted by t-test for a comparison of energy and macronutrients consumption between categories of SES score at two time points (2019 and 2020)
The significant level is considered as P-value < 0.05

ISSN: 2072-1315