Variable | Total (n) | TCC log10 (CFU/mL) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean TCC | SD | DF | F statistic | Sig | ||
Age of caregivers/mothers | ||||||
 < 20 | 8 | 3.6046 | 2.80365 | (3, 216) | 11.507 | 0.069 |
 20–30 | 130 | 4.8977 | 2.35425 | |||
 31–40 | 70 | 2.8611 | 2.50385 | |||
 > 40 | 12 | 3.0620 | 2.70357 | |||
Educational status | ||||||
 Illiterate | 56 | 5.8642c | 1.68984 | (4, 96.9) | 51.364 | 0.001 |
 Reading and writing only | 28 | 5.6636c | 1.73488 | |||
 Primary school | 52 | 4.5231c | 2.49690 | |||
 Secondary school | 38 | 2.8765b | 2.34846 | |||
 College/university | 46 | 1.5449a | 1.62228 | |||
Relation to the babies | ||||||
 Mother | 168 | 4.1695 | 2.60058 | (4, 215) | 0.593 | 0.733 |
 Father | 30 | 3.8773 | 2.55653 | |||
 Sibling | 11 | 4.0646 | 2.96320 | |||
 Housemaid | 4 | 2.3253 | 2.65051 | |||
 Grandparents | 7 | 4.5349 | 2.70671 | |||
Type of bottle food | ||||||
 Powdered formula milk | 101 | 3.1091a | 2.58361 | (3, 87.05) | 21.447 | 0.001 |
 Cow milk | 48 | 3.7770a | 2.49231 | |||
 Cereal blends | 45 | 5.7405b | 1.80137 | |||
 Juice | 26 | 5.7277b | 1.91476 | |||
Source of information on the preparation of bottle food | ||||||
 Family or friends | 161 | 4.9002a | 2.37182 | (2, 45.87) | 54.150 | 0.001 |
 Healthcare provider | 34 | 2.0014b | 1.95183 | |||
 PIF tin label | 25 | 1.8234b | 1.82384 | |||
Hand washing practice before baby bottle food preparation | ||||||
 No, I don’t wash | 103 | 6.1968a | 0.95563 | (2, 64.68) | 270.68 | 0.001 |
 Yes, with water only | 29 | 4.1213b | 2.58610 | |||
 With water and soap | 88 | 1.6451c | 1.60622 | |||
The main way of dealing with already prepared leftovers | ||||||
 Reuse it for the next day | 120 | 5.6905 | 1.78189 | (2, 13.35) | 89.263 | 0.001 |
 Discard | 94 | 2.0624 | 2.02831 | |||
 Consume by other children | 6 | 4.3060 | 2.58853 | |||
Storage temperature | ||||||
 Ambient temperature | 137 | 5.5969 | 1.83452 | (1, 188.5) | 276.245 | 0.001 |
 Store in refrigerator | 83 | 1.6359 | 1.63563 | |||
Storage duration | ||||||
 0–2 h | 68 | 1.8664a | 1.88065 | (3, 105.3) | 119.10 | 0.001 |
 3–5 h | 41 | 2.9183b | 2.52523 | |||
 6–12 h | 86 | 5.8083c | 1.63205 | |||
 24 h and above | 25 | 6.2593c | 0.48123 | |||
Number of exchanging bottle | ||||||
 No extra bottle | 96 | 6.0921a | 1.23947 | (2, 112.1) | 179.539 | 0.001 |
 Two bottles | 63 | 3.4962b | 2.54108 | |||
 Three bottles | 61 | 1.5976c | 1.61165 | |||
Bottle cleansing and washing | ||||||
 Rinsing with plain water only | 102 | 5.4876a | 1.93197 | (2, 127.40) | 115.03 | 0.001 |
 Washing using water and soap | 74 | 3.8351b | 2.62358 | |||
 Washing using water, soap, and brush | 44 | 1.3415c | 1.29559 | |||
Frequency of washing the feeding bottle | ||||||
 Once a day | 94 | 6.0433a | 1.32023 | (3. 86.58) | 102.79 | 0.001 |
 Twice a day | 46 | 4.1818b | 2.43821 | |||
 Three times a day | 41 | 2.0109c | 2.00055 | |||
 Before/after each feed | 39 | 1.5301c | 1.67441 | |||
Method of bottle and nipple sterilization | ||||||
 Boiling for ten minutes | 98 | 1.6266a | 1.57668 | (2, 133.08) | 303.17 | 0.001 |
 Rinsing or soaking with/in boiled water | 88 | 6.0901b | 1.31440 | |||
 Never disinfect/sterilize | 34 | 6.0947b | 0.63332 |