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Table 3 Odds ratios from ordinal logistic regressions predicting Ethiopian children’s immunization status using individual measures of women’s autonomyae

From: "Girl Power!": The Relationship between Women's Autonomy and Children's Immunization Coverage in Ethiopia

 

Partially immunized (vs. no vaccines)

Fully immunized (vs. no vaccines)

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Individual measures of women’s autonomyf

      

Person who makes final decision on household purchases

      

 Mother

2.11

1.92

1.86

2.12

1.68

1.67

 

(0.84, 5.31)

(0.74, 4.99)

(0.74, 4.71)

(0.70, 6.44)

(0.52, 5.39)

(0.452, 5.32)

 Joint

1.18

1.07

1.10

1.30

1.07

1.09

 

(0.78, 1.78)

(0.70, 1.63)

(0.72, 1.66)

(0.80, 2.11)

(0.65, 1.75)

(0.66, 1.77)

Person who makes final decision on visits to family/friends

      

 Mother

1.15

1.01

1.00

1.55

1.28

1.26

 

(0.66, 2.03)

(0.56, 1.82)

(0.55, 1.81)

(0.73, 3.28)

(0.60, 2.72)

(0.58, 2.72)

 Joint

0.97

0.94

0.97

1.19

1.19

1.23

 

(0.61, 1.53)

(0.59, 1.50)

(0.60, 1.55)

(0.70, 2.05)

(0.69, 2.05)

(0.71, 2.13)

Person who makes final decisions regarding respondent’s earnings

      

 Mother

2.78****

2.78

3.38****

4.63*

4.96*

6.53**

 

(0.87, 8.89)

(0.82, 9.40)

(1.00, 1.42)

(1.34, 15.98)

(1.22, 20.18)

(1.68, 25.54)

 Joint

3.16**

3.57**

4.29**

4.71**

6.30***

8.13***

 

(1.34, 7.49)

(1.53, 8.35)

(1.69, 10.89)

(1.86, 11.89)

(2.27, 17.54)

(2.59, 25.34)

Person who makes final decisions on respondent’s health care

      

 Mother

1.40

1.47

1.42

1.91

2.00****

1.79

 

(0.70, 2.81)

(0.73, 2.98)

(0.68, 2.93)

(0.87, 4.17)

(0.90, 4.41)

(0.79, 4.10)

 Joint

1.08

1.10

1.06

1.22

1.28

1.19

 

(0.71, 1.64)

(0.72, 1.70)

(0.67, 1.67)

(0.71, 2.09)

(0.74, 2.22)

(0.67, 2.12)

Health care

      

Delivered at home

 

0.87

0.96

 

0.58

0.74

  

(0.31, 2.45)

(0.37, 2.50)

 

(0.19, 1.81)

(0.26, 2.13)

Antenatal care

 

2.75***

2.54***

 

6.04***

5.08***

  

(1.64, 4.60)

(1.54, 4.18)

 

(3.51, 10.39)

(2.98, 8.65)

Mothers educationb

      

 Primary school

  

1.78*

  

2.30**

   

(1.08, 2.94)

  

(1.31, 4.04)

 Complete secondary school and higher

  

2.28

  

3.66****

   

(0.47, 11.11)

  

(0.83, 16.27)

Fathers’ educationb

      

 Primary school

  

1.10

  

0.91

   

(0.72, 1.68)

  

(0.55, 1.46)

 Secondary school

  

1.05

  

0.80

   

(0.35, 3.10)

  

(0.24, 2.67)

 Higher

  

1.07

  

0.87

   

(0.35, 3.31)

  

(0.25, 2.98)

Occupationc

      

 Manual occupation

  

0.56

  

0.57

   

(0.26, 1.20)

  

(0.22, 1.50)

 Agriculture occupation

  

1.34

  

1.64****

   

(0.85, 2.11)

  

(0.93, 2.89)

 Professional occupation

  

1.37

  

1.31

   

(0.77, 2.40)

  

(0.69, 2.50)

Wealth indexd

      

 Poorer

  

0.74

  

1.06

   

(0.43, 1.27)

  

(0.55, 2.06)

 Middle

  

0.66****

  

0.74

   

(0.41, 1.06)

  

(0.40, 1.37)

 Richer

  

0.52*

  

0.91

   

(0.31, 0.87)

  

(0.47, 1.78)

 Richest

  

1.09

  

2.87****

   

(0.42, 2.85)

  

(0.97, 8.46)

Constant

1.40

0.78

0.27

1.08

0.37

0.69

 

(0.21, 9.18)

(0.12, 5.15)

(0.04, 1.69)

(0.14, 8.33)

(0.05, 2.92)

(0.01, 0.45)

Observations

2941

2941

2941

2941

2941

2941

  1. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.10
  2. aEach model controls for women’s religion, mother’s age in years, polygamous marriage, age at first marriage, child’s age, child sex, number of children under 5 years of age in the household, region, and urban/rural residential location
  3. bReference category is no education
  4. cReference category is no occupation
  5. dReference category is poorest
  6. eConfidence interval in parentheses
  7. fReference group is husband makes final decision
  8. Source: 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys
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Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition

ISSN: 2072-1315

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