Table 3 Associations between possible food security determinants and months of adequate household food provisioning
Possible determinants of MAHFP | Total | MAHFP | Crudea | Adjustedb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moderate food security | Low food security | Moderate food security | Low food security | |||||||
Weighted % (n) | mean (95 %CI) | RRR (95 % CI) | p value | RRR (95 % CI) | p value | RRR (95 % CI) | p value | RRR (95 % CI) | p value | |
Total | (2808) | 9.3 (range 0, 12) | ||||||||
Respondent characteristics | ||||||||||
Age | (2808) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.04) | 0.007 | 1.04 (1.03, 1.04) | 0.000 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.04) | 0.005 | 1.04 (1.03, 1.05) | 0.000 | |
Religion | ||||||||||
Islamc | 90.3 (2499) | 9.3 (8.2, 10.4) | ||||||||
Hindu | 9.7 (309) | 8.9 (7.6, 10.2) | 1.16 (0.44, 3.04) | 0.715 | 1.16 (0.57, 2.37) | 0.632 | 1.47 (0.60, 3.65) | 0.335 | 1.31 (0.55, 3.12) | 0.481 |
Pregnancy status | ||||||||||
Not pregnantc | 94.7 (2659) | 9.3 (8.2, 10.3) | 0.64 (0.32, 0.74) | 0.176 | 1.01 (0.74, 1.39) | 0.932 | 0.76 (0.43, 1.35) | 0.289 | 1.12 (0.78, 1.61) | 0.464 |
Pregnant | 5.3 (149) | 9.2 (7.6, 10.7) | ||||||||
Food availability determinants | ||||||||||
Ownership of land | ||||||||||
Does not own landc | 53.7 (1534) | 8.0 (6.2, 8.9) | ||||||||
Owns land | 46.3 (1271) | 10.7 (10.1, 11.3) | 0.35 (0.28, 0.44) | 0.000 | 0.19 (0.14, 0.28) | 0.000 | 0.47 (0.39, 0.57) | 0.000 | 0.28 (0.18, 0.42) | 0.000 |
Ownership of livestock | ||||||||||
Does not own livestockc | 19.9 (598) | 7.8 (6.3, 7.3) | ||||||||
Owns livestock | 80.1 (2210) | 9.6 (8.6, 10.6) | 0.87 (0.58, 1.32) | 0.453 | 0.46 (0.37, 0.57) | 0.000 | 1.13 (0.71, 1.81) | 0.543 | 0.65 (0.51, 0.82) | 0.004 |
Use of vegetable gardens | ||||||||||
Do not use gardensc | 48.3 (1293) | 9.1 (7.8, 10.4) | ||||||||
Use gardens | 51.8 (1515) | 9.4 (8.3, 10.5) | 0.54 (0.28, 1.04) | 0.062 | 0.79 (0.41, 1.54) | 0.427 | 0.65 (0.40, 1.07) | 0.081 | 1.05 (0.57, 1.94) | 0.853 |
Food access determinants | ||||||||||
Wealth (PCA) | ||||||||||
Lowest tertilec | 31.9 (931) | 7.2 (5.5, 8.8) | ||||||||
Middle tertile | 32.8 (870) | 9.5 (8.3, 10.6) | 0.61 (0.42, 0.90) | 0.020 | 0.34 (0.22, 0.51) | 0.001 | 0.81 (0.56, 1.19) | 0.230 | 0.49 (0.29, 0.84) | 0.018 |
Top tertile | 35.4 (996) | 11.0 (10.7, 11.3) | 0.20 (0.10, 0.37) | 0.001 | 0.08 (0.05, 0.14) | 0.000 | 0.36 (0.18, 0.70) | 0.010 | 0.18 (0.10, 0.33) | 0.000 |
Woman’s freedom travel to market alone | ||||||||||
Neverc | 62.9 (1835) | 8.9 (7.8, 10.1) | ||||||||
Always or sometimes | 37.1 (973) | 9.8 (8.9, 10.8) | 1.19 (0.50, 2.86) | 0.639 | 0.61 (0.39, 0.96) | 0.037 | 1.12 (0.48, 2.61) | 0.759 | 0.56 (0.36, 0.85) | 0.015 |
Woman’s participation in decision-making relating to daily expenditures | ||||||||||
Noc | 63.2 (1794) | 9.2 (7.9, 10.5) | ||||||||
Yes | 36.8 (1014) | 9.4 (8.5, 10.3) | 1.42 (0.99, 2.02) | 0.053 | 1.04 (0.58, 1.86) | 0.886 | 1.35 (0.88, 2.08) | 0.139 | 1.07 (0.66, 1.71) | 0.751 |
Food utilisation determinants | ||||||||||
Knowledge of undernutrition prevention methods (number of methods known) | ||||||||||
0–2c | 76.2 (2101) | 9.2 (7.9, 10.4) | ||||||||
≥3 | 23.8 (707) | 9.6 (8.9, 10.3) | 0.85 (0.39, 1.86) | 0.631 | 0.86 (0.46, 1.58) | 0.560 | 1.10 (0.57, 2.14) | 0.728 | 1.05 (0.58, 1.90) | 0.854 |
Women’s literacy | ||||||||||
Cannot readc | 35.9 (998) | 7.9 (6.5, 9.4) | ||||||||
Can read | 64.2 (1810) | 10.0 (9.2, 10.9) | 0.36 (0.27, 0.49) | 0.000 | 0.27 (0.19, 0.39) | 0.000 | 0.64 (0.44, 0.95) | 0.031 | 0.64 (0.46, 0.90) | 0.019 |
Access to media | ||||||||||
No radio or televisionc | 63.9 (1815) | 8.5 (7.2, 9.8) | ||||||||
Own radio or television | 36.1 (993) | 10.7 (10.0, 11.3) | 0.34 (0.24, 0.50) | 0.000 | 0.22 (0.15, 0.33) | 0.000 | 0.56 (0.35, 0.90) | 0.024 | 0.49 (0.33, 0.72) | 0.004 |
Number of women of reproductive age in the household | ||||||||||
1 womanc | 76.9 (2115) | 9.2 (8.1, 10.3) | ||||||||
>1 woman | 23.1 (693) | 9.4 (8.5, 10.4) | 0.90 (0.64, 1.28) | 0.505 | 0.95 (0.82, 1.10) | 0.427 | 1.30 (0.82, 2.08) | 0.214 | 1.46 (1.02, 2.09) | 0.041 |