Table 3 Adjusted odds ratio (with 95% CI) for factors affecting BP measurement, hypertension awareness, antihypertensive medication use and control of hypertension (weighted estimates)
| Â | Ever measured blood pressure | Awareness about own high BP | Antihypertensive use among aware hypertensives | BP control among antihypertensive users | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female |
Age category | ||||||||
 Younger (35–55 years) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Older (56 years or more) | 1.38** (1.11–1.71) | 1.32* (1.06–1.65) | 2.62*** (1.73–3.97) | 1.41* (1.01–1.98) | 2.40** (1.46–3.94) | 1.18 (0.77–1.81) | 1.07 (0.55–2.08) | 0.67 (0.42–1.05) |
Area of residence | ||||||||
 Rural | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Urban | 1.21 (0.93–1.56) | 1.35 (0.99–1.84) | 0.93 (0.62–1.39) | 0.88 (0.63–1.23) | 1.13 (0.60–2.16) | 1.45 (0.95–2.22) | 0.58 (0.30–1.13) | 1.24 (0.74–2.07) |
Educational attainment | ||||||||
 No education or pre-school | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Primary school (1–5 years) | 1.49*** (1.23–1.81) | 1.29* (1.02–1.62) | 1.34 (0.76–2.34) | 1.19 (0.84–1.68) | 1.22 (0.58–2.55) | 1.05 (0.70–1.59) | 0.36* (0.14–0.90) | 0.88 (0.53–1.46) |
 Secondary or higher (≥6 years) | 2.20*** (1.77–2.75) | 2.19*** (1.51–3.16) | 1.71* (1.01–2.89) | 1.96** (1.26–3.03) | 1.36 (0.66–2.79) | 0.73 (0.42–1.27) | 1.15 (0.46–2.87) | 1.21 (0.67–2.18) |
Wealth status | ||||||||
 Poorest/poorer | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Middle | 1.39** (1.10–1.75) | 1.36* (1.07–1.72) | 1.06 (0.59–1.89) | 1.37 (0.90–2.10) | 1.48 (0.71–3.10) | 1.72* (1.03–2.86) | 0.73 (0.26–2.03) | 0.79 (0.40–1.51) |
 Richer/richest | 1.74*** (1.37–2.20) | 2.26*** (1.76–2.91) | 1.64 (0.96–2.82) | 1.38 (0.99–1.93) | 2.21* (1.10–4.44) | 2.78*** (1.48–3.50) | 0.41* (0.16–1.03) | 0.56 (0.30–1.06) |
Working status | ||||||||
 Currently working | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Not working | 1.52** (1.11–2.07) | 1.86*** (1.42–2.42) | 0.99 (0.61–1.62) | 0.95 (0.59–1.53) | 1.74 (0.90–3.35) | 0.75 (0.37–1.51) | 0.50* (0.25–1.01) | 0.84 (0.43–1.61) |
Marital status | ||||||||
 Currently married | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Others | 1.39 (0.82–2.34) | 1.22 (0.99–1.51) | 1.05 (0.41–2.67) | 0.86 (0.62–1.19) | 1.53 (0.34–6.87) | 1.14 (0.77–1.69) | 1.61 (0.36–7.14) | 0.83 (0.53–1.29) |
Nutritional status (BMI) | ||||||||
 Normal (18.5–24.9) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Thin (<18.5) | 0.71*** (0.59–0.84) | 0.69*** (0.58–0.83) | 0.62 (0.37–1.04) | 0.79 (0.55–1.13) | 0.72 (0.37–1.41) | 0.65 (0.40–1.08) | 1.44 (0.67–3.12) | 0.34** (0.17–0.68) |
 Overweight/obese (25.0/+) | 2.23*** (1.50–3.31) | 2.10*** (1.56–2.83) | 1.81** (1.18–2.78) | 1.54** (1.14–2.10) | 1.35 (0.75–2.45) | 1.61* (1.09–2.39) | 2.74** (1.28–5.84) | 0.62 (0.35–1.08) |
Region of residence | ||||||||
 Dhaka (central) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Chittagong (south-east) | 0.61** (0.43–0.87) | 0.58** (0.40–0.83) | 1.37 (0.74–2.54) | 1.54 (0.95–2.51) | 0.67 (0.24–1.63) | 0.78 (0.43–1.43) | 1.33 (0.55–3.18) | 2.45** (1.30–4.64) |
 Sylhet (east) | 0.75 (0.52–1.09) | 0.60** (0.41–0.87) | 1.93 (0.96–3.88) | 1.61 (0.91–2.86) | 1.33 (0.47–3.74) | 1.87 (0.84–4.19) | 0.54 (0.25–1.15) | 1.72 (0.88–3.33) |
 Barisal (south) | 0.67* (0.47–0.97) | 0.62* (0.43–0.89) | 1.47 (0.70–3.10) | 1.16 (0.70–1.91) | 1.03 (0.39–2.71) | 1.77 (0.90–3.47) | 2.00 (0.68–5.90) | 0.53* (0.28–0.99) |
 Khulna (west) | 1.36 (0.95–1.96) | 1.61* (1.09–2.37) | 0.66 (0.39–1.11) | 0.87 (0.57–1.32) | 0.76 (0.31–1.87) | 0.64 (0.37–1.11) | 0.54 (0.20–1.45) | 0.57 (0.29–1.11) |
 Rajshahi (mid-west) | 0.61** (0.44–0.86) | 0.58** (0.41–0.84) | 0.94 (0.54–1.63) | 1.27 (0.80–2.01) | 0.87 (0.34–2.22) | 1.62 (0.83–3.16) | 0.69 (0.26–1.84) | 1.37 (0.70–2.68) |
 Rangpur (north-west) | 0.82 (0.58–1.15) | 0.70* (0.49–1.00) | 0.66 (0.37–1.18) | 0.56* (0.34–0.91) | 0.98 (0.38–2.51) | 0.84 (0.42–1.68) | 0.52 (0.18–1.45) | 0.47* (0.22–1.02) |