Out-of-pocket expenditure for seeking health care for sick children younger than 5 years of age in Bangladesh: findings from cross-sectional surveys, 2009 and 2012

Table 4 Median out-of-pocket expenditure and expenditure on medicine by type of illness, provider, and socio-demographic characteristics

	Total OPE¹		Expenditure on medicine¹
Indicator	2009²	2012²	2009²	2012²
Any illness	0.82	1.22	0.58	0.72
Non-priority³	0.77	1.16	0.53	0.69
Priority⁴	0.96	1.49	0.67	0.76
Health care provider
Untrained	0.75	1.03	0.56	0.65
Public trained⁵	1.21	2.31	0.82	1.10
Private trained⁵	1.95	2.94	0.92	1.09
Non-government organization	0.48	0.68	0.29	0.36
Mother’s education
No education	0.77	1.17	0.58	0.67
Primary incomplete (1–4 years)	0.77	1.17	0.55	0.73
Primary complete (5 years)	0.78	1.18	0.57	0.72
Secondary incomplete (6–9 years)	0.97	1.30	0.62	0.69
Secondary complete or higher (10+ years)	1.06	1.45	0.71	0.93
Wealth
Poorest	0.85	1.18	0.58	0.72
Second	0.85	1.26	0.61	0.67
Middle	0.77	1.22	0.51	0.70
Fourth	0.78	1.22	0.58	0.76
Highest	0.81	1.24	0.62	0.67
Location of household
Plain land	0.77	1.14	0.58	0.67
Hard-to-reach areas	0.85	1.29	0.59	0.76
Area
Comparison	0.82	1.22	0.60	0.67
Intervention	0.85	1.22	0.58	0.72

¹Median expenditure is expressed in US dollars (USD) per child per visit
²Adjusted for inflation
³Non-priority illness: children who had a cough or cold, acute or chronic ear infection, diarrhea with no dehydration, anemia, or fever without malaria
⁴Priority illness: children who had pneumonia, diarrhea with dehydration, dysentery, malaria, or measles
⁵Trained provider working in public or private health care facilities

ISSN: 2072-1315