Table 3 Factors associated with utilization of outpatient health services
Variable | Outpatient health services | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Categories | % Utilized | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
Health insurance status | Insured | 7.9 | 2.06 (1.9–2.3) | 2.51 (2.3–2.8)b |
Uninsured | 3.9 | 1 | 1 | |
Age | 0–4 | 14.3 | 4.11(3.7–4.6) | 2.72 (2.2–3.3)b |
5–17 | 4.5 | 1.17 (1.0–1.3) | 1.19 (1.0–1.4) | |
18–34 | 3.9 | 1 | 1 | |
35–59 | 6.9 | 1.85 (1.7–2.1) | 1.55 (1.4–1.8)b | |
60–69 | 8.9 | 2.39 (2.1–2.8) | 1.75 (1.4–2.1)b | |
70+ (aged) | 9.8 | 2.67 (2.3–3.1) | 1.67 (1.3–2.1)b | |
Gender | Male | 5.6 | 1 | 1 |
Female | 7.2 | 1.31 (1.2–1.4) | 1.21 (1.1–1.3)b | |
Educational level | No education | 7.2 | 1.29 (1.0–1.6) | 1.01 (0.8–1.3) |
Primary | 4.4 | 0.77 (0.6–0.9) | 0.93 (0.7–1.2) | |
Secondary | 5.7 | 0.91 (0.7–1.1) | 1.12 (0.9–1.5) | |
Tertiary | 10.2 | 1 | 1 | |
Below school going agea | 10.2 | 1.88 (1.5–2.3) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | |
Religion | Traditional & other | 6.4 | 1.10 (0.94–1.29) | NS |
Christianity | 6.5 | 1.10 (0.9–1.3) | NS | |
Islam | 5.9 | 1 | NS | |
Ethnicity | Kasem | 5.9 | 1 | 1 |
Nankam | 6.5 | 1.09 (1.0–1.2) | 1.33 (1.2–1.5)b | |
Buli | 12.5 | 2.24 (1.9–2.7) | 2.91 (2.4–3.6)b | |
Other | 7.5 | 1.27 (1.0–16) | 0.98 (0.8–1.3) | |
Location | Rural | 6.2 | 1 | 1 |
Urban | 7.9 | 1.28 (1.2–1.4) | 1.29 (1.1–1.5)b | |
Household size | 1 member | 10.7 | 1.83 (1.5–2.2) | 1.36 (1.1–1.8)b |
2–4 members | 7.2 | 1.19 (1.1–1.3) | 1.36 (1.1–1.8)b | |
5+ members | 6.1 | 1 | 1 | |
Socio-economic status | Poorest | 6.3 | 1 | 1 |
Poorer | 6.1 | 0.96 (0.9–1.1) | 0.97 (0.9–1.1) | |
Poor | 6.2 | 0.98 (0.9–1.1) | 1.10 (0.9–1.2) | |
Less poor | 6.3 | 1.00 (0.9–1.1) | 1.04 (0.9–1.2) | |
Least poor | 7.7 | 1.24 (1.1–1.4) | 1.23 (1.0–1.4) | |
Recent illness or injury | Yes | 42.9 | 34.14 (31.3–37.2) | 32.4 (29.4–35.8)b |
No | 3.8 | 1 | 1 | |
Self-assessed health status | Poor or very poor | 25.8 | 5.49 (6.5–8.9) | 2.08 (1.7–2.5)b |
Good or very good | 5.9 | 1 | 1 | |
Don’t know | 5.2 | 0.87 (0.62–1.2) | 0.89 (0.6–1.3) | |
Chronic medication | Yes | 32.9 | 7.58 (6.5–8.9) | 2.79 (2.2–3.5)b |
No | 93.9 | 1 | 1 | |
Don’t Know | 7.4 | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) | 0.82 (0.3–1.9) | |