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Table 6 Pairwise results of socio-demographic characteristics

From: Water intake among Ghanaian youth aged 15–34 years: quantitative and qualitative evidence

Tukey’s post hoc test results for males

Water consumption

Contrast (mean)

Standard error

p value

Educational level

 Higher vs no education

0.5281515

0.196671

< 0.05

 Higher vs primary

0.7166027

0.1841116

< 0.05

 Higher vs secondary

0.4391311

0.1640866

< 0.05

Ethnicity

 Ewe vs Akan

0.3926644

0.1326872

< 0.05

 Mole-Dagbani vs Akan

− 0.3427258

0.1093261

< 0.05

 Mole-Dagbani vs Ewe

− 0.7353902

0.1429182

< 0.05

Marital status

 Married vs never married

0.4930049

0.0936365

< 0.05

Region

 Greater Accra vs Western

0.9992054

0.1861614

< 0.05

 Volta vs Western

0.8639772

0.2013107

< 0.05

 Brong-Ahafo vs Central

− 0.8578511

0.221852

< 0.05

 Upper West vs Central

− 0.7571981

0.2106115

< 0.05

 Eastern vs Greater Accra

− 0.8724636

0.1805087

< 0.05

 Ashanti vs Greater Accra

− 0.8125827

0.1570069

< 0.05

 Brong-Ahafo vs Greater Accra

− 1.479911

0.1856714

< 0.05

 Northern vs Greater Accra

− 1.089977

0.1701384

< 0.05

 Upper East vs Greater Accra

− 0.7099007

0.1914884

< 0.05

 Upper West vs Greater Accra

− 1.379258

0.1720835

< 0.05

 Eastern vs Volta

− 0.7372355

0.1960952

< 0.05

 Ashanti vs Volta

− 0.6773545

0.174703

< 0.05

 Brong-Ahafo vs Volta

− 1.344683

0.2008577

< 0.05

 Northern vs Volta

− 0.9547493

0.1865932

< 0.05

 Upper West vs Volta

− 1.24403

0.1883685

< 0.05

 Brong-Ahafo vs Ashanti

− 0.667328

0.1796129

< 0.05

 Upper West vs Ashanti

− 0.566675

0.1655285

< 0.05

 Upper East vs Brong-Ahafo

0.77001

0.210422

< 0.05

 Upper West vs Upper East

−0.669357

0.1985353

< 0.05

  1. Only significant pairings are shown in the table
  2. Source: computed from GDHS 2008 data file