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Cognitive
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Pre-academic skills
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Parents’ evaluation of developmental status: developmental milestones pre-academic subscale.
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Paired-associate memory
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The child was taught novel names for eight objects and tested for recall and recognition.
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Language
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Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment (NEPSY-II) body part naming and identification and comprehension of instruction sub-tests.
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Block design
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Adapted British Abilities Scales pattern construction sub-test.
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Visual search
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Adapted NEPSY visual search sub-test.
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Inhibitory control: head/toe task
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Head/toe sub-test of the International Development and Early Learning Assessment (IDELA).
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Inhibitory control: delay of gratification
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Whether the child chose to receive one treat immediately or to wait for two, three, or four treats at the end of the second, third, and fourth tasks, respectively.
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Cognitive factor score
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Factor score calculated as the first component of a factor analysis using principal-axis factoring method including all cognitive z-scores except delay of gratification, which was the only score that was not strongly associated with the others. This component accounted for 79% of the variance in these scores.
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Motor
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Fine motor
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National Institute of Health (NIH) Toolbox 9-Hole Pegboard test.
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Socioemotional
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Socioemotional Competence and Difficulties
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Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)
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Behavior rating scale
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Adapted from the Preschool Self-Regulation Assessment (PSRA) Assessor Report.
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