Table 4 Bivariate analysis between type of health care-seeking behavior and explanatory variables, (N = 866)
Variable and its measurement | No care or self-care (N = 139) | Semi-qualified professional care (N = 364) | Qualified professional care (N = 363) | Test statistics and P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual characteristics | ||||
 Age (years), mean (SD) | 44.0 (16.5) | 42.6 (16.1) | 45.0 (16.1) | F (2, 863) = 1.92, P = 0.151 |
 Duration of illness (months), mean (SD) | 53.6 (60.1) | 44.7 (65.6) | 39.1 (55.4) | F (2, 863) = 2.95, P = 0.051 |
 Sex, n (%) | ||||
  Male | 63 (45.3) | 174 (47.8) | 164 (45.2) | X2 = 0.57, df = 2, P = 0.752 |
  Female | 76 (54.7) | 190 (52.2) | 199 (54.8) | |
 Education, n (%) | ||||
  No schooling | 83 (59.7) | 189 (51.9) | 163 (44.9) | X2 = 9.54, df = 2, P = 0.0082 |
  Primary level and above | 56 (40.3) | 175 (48.1) | 200 (55.1) | |
 Marital status, n (%) | ||||
  Currently not married | 14 (10.1) | 34 (9.3) | 27 (7.4) | X2 = 1.25, df = 2, P = 0.542 |
  Currently married | 125 (89.9) | 330 (90.7) | 336 (92.6) | |
 Occupational status, n (%) | ||||
  Non-income generating | 77 (55.4) | 202 (55.5) | 207 (57.0) | X2 = 0.21, df = 2, P = 0.902 |
  Income generating | 62 (44.6) | 162 (44.5) | 156 (43.0) | |
 Being household head, n (%) | ||||
  No | 77 (55.4) | 202 (55.5) | 213 (58.7) | X2 = 0.89, df = 2, P = 0.642 |
  Yes | 62 (44.6) | 162 (44.5) | 150 (41.3) | |
 Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||
  No comorbidity | 122 (87.8) | 342 (94.0) | 345 (95.0) | X2 = 8.94, df = 2, P = 0.012 |
  Comorbidity | 17 (12.2) | 22 (6.0) | 18 (5.0) | |
 Category of CNCDs, n (%) | ||||
  Minor CNCDs | 103 (74.1) | 267 (73.4) | 185 (51.0) | X2 = 46.79, df = 2, P < 0.0012 |
  Major CNCDs | 36 (25.9) | 97 (26.7) | 178 (49.0) | |
Household characteristics | ||||
 Household size (members), mean (SD) | 4.25 (1.68) | 4.15 (1.63) | 4.52 (1.78) | F (2, 863) = 4.29, P = 0.011 |
 Proportion of household members with CNCD, mean (SD) | 0.46 (0.25) | 0.45 (0.25) | 0.34 (0.21) | F (2, 863) = 22.89, P < 0.0011 |
Asset Quintile, n (%) | ||||
 1st quintile (Poorest) | 31 (22.3) | 88 (24.2) | 36 (9.9) | X2 = 35.35, df = 8, P < 0.0011 |
 2nd quintile | 24 (17.3) | 69 (19.0) | 70 (19.3) | |
 3rd quintile | 22 (15.8) | 62 (17.0) | 66 (18.2) | |
 4th quintile | 32 (23.0) | 75 (20.6) | 76 (20.9) | |
 5th quintile | 30 (21.6) | 70 (19.2) | 115 (31.7) | |
Microfinance involvement of household head and/or spouse, n (%) | ||||
 No | 57 (41.0) | 173 (47.5) | 180 (49.6) | X2 = 2.98, df = 2, P = 0.232 |
 Yes | 82 (59.0) | 191 (52.5) | 183 (50.4) | |
Presence of acute illness in the household, n (%) | ||||
 No | 34 (24.5) | 60 (16.5) | 110 (30.3) | X2 = 19.35, df = 2, P < 0.0012 |
 Yes | 105 (75.5) | 304 (83.5) | 253 (69.7) | |
Contextual characteristics | ||||
 Distance to the referral public health facility of the sub-district (km), mean (SD) | 4.82 (3.69) | 5.25 (3.64) | 4.59 (3.57) | F (2, 863) = 3.03, P = 0.051 |
 Rural or urban residence, n (%) | ||||
  Rural | 54 (38.9) | 165 (45.3) | 145 (39.9) | X2 = 2.85, df = 2, P = 0.242 |
  Urban | 85 (61.2) | 199 (54.7) | 218 (60.1) | |
 Sub-district of residence, n (%) | ||||
  Rangpur Sadar | 16 (11.5) | 25 (6.9) | 42 (11.6) | X2 = 85.11, df = 8, P < 0.0012 |
  Mithapukur | 98 (70.5) | 232 (63.7) | 143 (39.4) | |
  Badarganj | 4 (2.9) | 8 (2.2) | 37 (10.2) | |
  Pirganj | 5 (3.6) | 33 (9.1) | 71 (19.6) | |
  Pirgacha | 16 (11.5) | 66 (18.1) | 70 (19.3) | |