Table 1 Results of bivariate relationship between the key child health service utilization and socioeconomic variables, EDHS 2016. Ethiopia
Variables* | At least 4 ANC visits Number (%) | χ2 (p value) | Institutional delivery | χ2 (p value) | Postnatal care service | χ2 (p value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex of the child | ||||||
Male | 1005 (31.9) | 0.276 | 1237 (26.0) | 0.232 | 566 (11.9) | 0.249 |
Female | 992 (33.7) | Â | 1190 (26.7) | Â | 509 (11.4) | Â |
Child’s birth order | ||||||
First | 480 (43.0) | 0.000 | 841 (50.2) | 0.000 | 284 (17.0) | 0.010 |
Second and above | 1517 (30.5) | Â | 1586 (21.0) | Â | 791 (10.5) | Â |
Age of the mother | ||||||
15–24 y | 425 (31.8) | 0.000 | 679 (35.4) | 0.000 | 251 (13.1) | 0.000 |
25–34 y | 1132 (36.3) |  | 1273 (25.7) |  | 588 (11.9) |  |
34+ y | 440 (26.8) |  | 475 (20.3) |  | 237 (10.1) |  |
Residence | ||||||
Urban | 512 (63.4) | 0.000 | 803 (78.6) | 0.000 | 380 (37.2) | 0.000 |
Rural | 1485 (28.1) | Â | 1623 (19.8) | Â | 695 (8.5) | Â |
Household size | ||||||
0–3 member | 330 (39.8) | 0.000 | 439 (48.4) | 0.000 | 202 (22.3) | 0.000 |
4–6 members | 1114 (35.2) |  | 1324 (28.2) |  | 571 (12.2) |  |
7 and above members | 553 (26.3) | Â | 663 (18.4) | Â | 302 (8.4) | Â |
Education of mother | ||||||
No education | 975 (25.1) | 0.000 | 990 (16.1) | 0.000 | 487 (7.9) | 0.000 |
Primary level | 670 (39.5) | Â | 908 (37.3) | Â | 342 (14.1) | Â |
Secondary & higher level | 351 (68.7) | Â | 528 (83.8) | Â | 246 (39.0) | Â |
Education of father | ||||||
No education | 805 (25.9) | 0.000 | 879 (18.6) | 0.000 | 425 (9.0) | 0.000 |
Primary level | 754 (34.3) | Â | 857 (24.8) | Â | 353 (10.2) | Â |
Secondary & higher level | 438 (55.5) | Â | 690 (66.7) | Â | 298 (28.8) | Â |
Parity | ||||||
0–3 | 1161 (39.1) | 0.000 | 1589 (40.0) | 0.000 | 664 (16.7) | 0.000 |
4–6 | 562 (28.9) |  | 579 (18.1) |  | 282 (8.8) |  |
7 and above | 274 (23.2) | Â | 259 (12.7) | Â | 129 (6.3) | Â |
Ever terminated pregnancy | ||||||
No | 1805 (32.5) | 0.147 | 2208 (26.3) | 0.193 | 967 (11.5) | 0.090 |
Yes | 192 (34.8) | Â | 218 (26.6) | Â | 108 (13.2) | Â |
Maternal autonomy | ||||||
Yes, some autonomy | 492 (35.8) | 0.004 | 636 (30.8) | 0.000 | 276 (13.4) | 0.004 |
No autonomy | 1505 (31.9) | Â | 1791 (25.0) | Â | 799 (11.2) | Â |
Wealth index | ||||||
Poorest/poorer | 606 (23.2) | 0.000 | 648 (15.0) | 0.000 | 241 (5.6) | 0.000 |
Middle | 373 (28.6) | Â | 438 (22.6) | Â | 194 (10.0) | Â |
Richest/richer | 1018 (46.6) | Â | 1341 (45.2) | Â | 640 (21.6) | Â |
Type of family structure | ||||||
Monogamous | 1710 (33.5) | 0.000 | 2094 (27.1) | 0.000 | 904 (11.7) | 0.000 |
Polygamous | 133 (22.9) | Â | 170 (17.0) | Â | 76 (7.6) | Â |
Intimate partners violence/IPV | ||||||
No or low violence | 410 (27.1) | 0.000 | 436 (18.6) | 0.000 | 166 (7.1) | 0.000 |
Mild violence | 607 (30.6) | Â | 706 (22.9) | Â | 335 (10.9) | Â |
High violence | 980 (37.7) | Â | 1284 (33.9) | Â | 574 (15.1) | Â |
Religion | ||||||
Orthodox | 938 (39.1) | 0.000 | 1172 (36.8) | 0.000 | 579 (18.2) | 0.000 |
Muslim | 585 (27.3) | Â | 734 (19.6) | Â | 276 (7.4) | Â |
Others | 474 (30.4) | Â | 521 (22.8) | Â | 221 (9.7) | Â |
Access to radio | ||||||
Yes | 777 (46.5) | 0.000 | 946 (39.1) | 0.000 | 483 (19.9) | 0.000 |
No | 1220 (27.6) | Â | 1481 (21.8) | Â | 593 (8.7) | Â |
ANC visits | ||||||
 < 4 times | – |  | 840 (20.5) | 0.000 | 447 (10.9) | 0.000 |
 > 4 times | – |  | 1158 (58.0) |  | 628 (31.4) |  |
Place of delivery | ||||||
Home | – |  | – | – | 220 (3.2) | 0.000 |
Institution | – |  | – | – | 855 (35.2) |  |