Table 1 Overview of included studies (N = 29)
No | Study | Study design | Sampling method | Study location | Sample size (N) | Participants | Prevalence of FAFH (%) | FAFH recall period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Naska et al. [20] | Prospective cohort study | Random sampling | 10 western European countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and the UK) | 24,310 (M-8712; W-15598) | 35–74-year-old men and women | 42.3 | 24 h recall for 1 day |
2 | Anderson et al. [21] | Digit-dialed telephone surveys | Random sampling | USA | 4311 (M-1680; W-2631) | 18–64-year-old men and women | 28 | 30 days |
3 | Choi et al. [35] | Empirical study | Stratified systematic cluster sampling | South Korea | 1070 | Women above 20Â years age | 30.4 | 1Â month |
4 | Larson et al. [36] | Observational study | Not mentioned | USA | 2287 (M-1030; W-1257) | 20–31-year-old men and women | 95 | 7 days |
5 | Fulkerson et al. [22] | Cross-sectional study | Convenience sampling | USA | 1446 (723 adolescents; 723 parents) | 11–16-year-old boys and girls | 38.4 | 7 days |
6 | Smith et al. [37] | Cohort study | Not mentioned | Australia | 1896 (M-914; W-982) | 26–36-year-old men and women | 92.3 | 7 days |
7 | Odegaard et al. [11] | Cohort study | Not mentioned | Singapore | 43,176 | 45–74-year-old men and women | 40.2 | 24 h recall for 1 day in past 1 month |
8 | Buscemi et al. [23] | Observational, Cross-sectional study | Random sampling | Italy | 1035 | 18–90-year-old men and women | 85.6 | 30 days |
9 | Cahill et al. [24] | Prospective cohort study | Not mentioned | USA | 111,631 (M-40789; W-70842) | 40–75-year-old men and 30–55-year-old women | 54.4 | 7 days |
10 | Payab et al. [38] | Empirical study | Cluster sampling | Iran | 14,880 | 6–18-year-old boys’ old girls | 25 | 7 days |
11 | Bezerra et al. [39] | Empirical study | Random sampling | Brazil | 13,736 | 25–65-year-old men and women | 42.7 | 24 h recall for 2 days |
12 | Kant et al. [25] | Cross-sectional study | Not mentioned | USA | 8314 (M-4070; W-4244) | Men and women above 20Â years age | 85 | 7Â days |
13 | Seguin et al. [40] | Cross-sectional study | A stratified random sampling | USA | 2001 | Men and women above 18Â years age | 50 | 7Â days |
14 | Tian et al. [26] | Empirical study | A multistage, random cluster sampling | China | 10,633 (M-5084; W-5549) | 18–65-year-old men and women | 36.5 [30 (in 2004) 43 (in 2011)] | 24 h recall for 3 consecutive days |
15 | Demmler et al. [27] | Cross-section, observational study | Random sampling | Kenya | 550 | Men and women above 18Â years age | 53 | 30Â days |
16 | Dong et al. [28] | Longitudinal cohort study | A multistage, random cluster sampling | China | 9454 (3875 children, 2947 mothers, and 2632 fathers) | 7–17-year-old children and their parents | 42.6 | 24 h recall for 3 consecutive days (7 days total) |
17 | Kant and Graubard [29] | Prospective cohort study | Probability sampling | USA | 9107 | Men and women above 40Â years age | 90 | 7Â days |
18 | McClain et al. [41] | A community-based cohort study | A stratified 2-stage probability sample | USA | 16,045 | 18–74-year-old men and women | 67.5 | 24 h recall for 2 consecutive days |
19 | Zeng and Zeng [43] | Longitudinal cohort study | A multistage, random cluster sampling | China | 26,244 | 18–60-year-old men and women | 11 [9.40 (in 2004); 9.89 (in 2006); 11.34 (in 2009); 13.95 (in 2011)] | 24 h recall for 3 consecutive days |
20 | Cunha et al. [42] | Cross-sectional study | Not mentioned | Brazil | 5266 | 10–19-year-old boys and girls | 20 | 24 h recall for 2 consecutive days |
21 | Choi et al. [30] | Cross-sectional study | Not mentioned | South Korea | 640 (M-320; W-320) | 20–69-year-old men and women | 53.3 | 24 h recall for 2 days at 3-day interval (weekdays) |
22 | Liu et al. [44] | Cross-sectional study | Not mentioned | China | 8322 (M-3878; W-4444) | Men and women above 18Â years age | 37.4 | 24Â h recall for 3 consecutive days |
23 | Wang et al. [31] | Longitudinal cohort study | Not mentioned | China | 4518 (M-2441; W-2077) | Men and women above 18Â years age | 28 | 24Â h recall for 3Â days within a week |
24 | Wang et al. [45] | Cross-sectional study | A multistage, random cluster sampling | China | 29,910 | 18–79-year-old men and women | 12.3 | 7 days |
25 | Du et al. [32] | Prospective cohort study | A stratified multistage probability sampling | USA | 35,084 | Men and women above 20Â years age | 75.9 | 7Â days |
26 | Chen et al. [46] | Cross-sectional study | Probability random sampling | China | 3489 | Men and women above 18Â years age | 19.9 (23.6 in men, and 16.9 in women) | 24Â h recall on 3 consecutive days |
27 | Zheng et al. [33] | Cohort study | A stratified cluster sampling | China | 3313 | 7–17-year-old children | 80.1 | 90 days |
28 | Ma et al. [47] | Cross-sectional study | A multistage stratified sampling | China | 15,261 (B-7685; G-7576) | 6–17-year-old children | 23.2 | 7 days |
29 | Cui et al. [34] | Cohort study | A stratified, multistage probability sampling | China | 29,597 (M-12088; W-17509) | 18–79-year-old men and women | 12.4 | 7 days |