Table 1 Individual and social characteristics of the study participants
Groups | Cup feeding | Finger feeding | Syringe feeding | p value ** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | N = 33Mean (SD)* | N = 33Mean (SD)* | N = 33Mean (SD)* | |
Mother's age (years) | 29.06(7.41) | 27.24(4.82) | 29.51(5.38) | 0.268 |
Neonate’s age at recruitment (days) | 13.36(11.19) | 21.09(15.31) | 18.51(13.82) | 0.068 |
Gestational age (weeks) | 31.48(1.87) | 29.66(2.13) | 30.84(2.19) | 0.002 |
Neonate’s birth weight (grams) | 1661.36(399.57) | 1407.57(382.22) | 1612.42(485.10) | 0.040 |
Mother’s job | ||||
Housewife | 31(93.9) | 31(93.9) | 30(90.9) | 0.858 |
Employed | 2(6.1) | 2(6.1) | 3(9.1) | |
Education | ||||
Illiterate/elementary | 3(9.1) | 1(3.0) | 3(9.1) | 0.545 |
Middle school/high school | 9(27.3) | 5(15.2) | 7(21.2) | |
Diploma/University | 21(63.6) | 27(81.8) | 23(69.7) | |
Gravid | ||||
1–2 | 22(66.7) | 23(69.7) | 21(63.6) | 0.706 |
3–4 | 23(69.7) | 10(30.3) | 10(30.3) | |
> 4 | 2(6.1) | 0(0.0) | 2(6.1) | |
Delivery | ||||
1–2 | 25(75.8) | 28(84.8) | 25(75.8) | 0.580 |
3–4 | 8(24.2) | 5(15.2) | 8(24.2) | |
Delivery type | ||||
Vaginal | 9(27.3) | 6(18.2) | 6(18.2) | 0.580 |
Cesarean section | 24(72.7) | 27(81.8) | 27(81.8) | |
Gender of the neonate | ||||
Female | 19(57.6) | 15(45.5) | 15(45.5) | 0.524 |
Male | 14(42.4) | 18(54.5) | 18(54.5) | |
Receive breastfeeding education | ||||
Yes | 33(100) | 33(100) | 33(100) | |
No | – | – | – | – |