Table 1 Basic features of selected community-based larviciding interventions

#1. Tanzania (urban)

[2006–2008]

Non-random trial with control

[12/67 neighbourhoods]

Sensitization: No

Spraying: Yes

Supervision: Yes

[34, 38]

#2. Tanzania (rural)

[2012–2013]

Randomised 2 × 2 factorial design; (1) LSM; (2) early detection and treatment

[12/24 villages]

Sensitization: Yes

Spraying: Yes

Supervision: No

[29, 33]

#3. Burkina Faso (rural/semi-urban)

[2013–2015]

Cluster-randomised trial with control; treatment varied by intensity (50% or 100% of sites sprayed)

[85/127 villages]

Sensitization: Yes

Spraying: Yes

Supervision: No

[28, 36, 40, 41]

#4. Kenya and Ethiopia (rural)

[2013–2015]

Cluster-randomised 2 × 2 factorial design; (1) LSM; (2) community education and mobilisation (CEM); all arms: ITN distribution

[24/48 villages]

Sensitization: Yes/No (built into treatment)

Spraying: Partly

Supervision: No

[27]

#5. Botswana and Zimbabwe (rural)

[2015]

Non-random trial with control

[2/4 villages]

Sensitization: No

Spraying: Yes

Supervision: No

[32]

#6. Ethiopia (rural)

[2016–2018]

No control group; LSM packaged with ITN + CEM

[12/12 villages]

Sensitization: Yes

Spraying: Yes

Supervision: Partly

[30]

#7. Malawi (rural)

[2016–2018]

Cluster-randomised 2 × 2 factorial design; (1) LSM; (2) structural housing improvement; all arms: community workshops

[33/65 villages]

Sensitization: Yes

Spraying: Yes

Supervision: Yes

[31, 35, 37, 39]