Table 1 Basic characteristics of participants with uterine fibroids (cases) and without uterine fibroids (controls)
Variable | Controls (n = 2966) | Cases (n = 622) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Categorical variables | n (%) | n (%) | Â |
ESR1 rs2234693 genotype | Â | Â | 0.052 |
 TT | 1132 (38.17) | 263 (42.28) |  |
 TC | 1392 (46.93) | 286 (45.98) |  |
 CC | 442 (14.90) | 73 (11.74) |  |
Menopause | Â | Â | 0.678 |
 No | 1653 (55.73) | 341 (54.82) |  |
 Yes | 1313 (44.27) | 281 (45.18) |  |
Alcohol consumption | Â | Â | 0.321 |
 No | 2845 (95.92) | 595 (95.66) |  |
 Yes | 121 (4.08) | 27 (4.34) |  |
Age (years) |  |  |  < 0.001* |
 30–39 | 685 (23.10) | 63 (10.13) |  |
 40–49 | 829 (27.95) | 210 (33.76) |  |
 50–59 | 838 (28.25) | 254 (40.84) |  |
 60–69 | 614 (20.70) | 95 (15.27) |  |
Level of education | Â | Â | 0.187 |
 Elementary school | 289 (9.74) | 55 (8.84) |  |
 High school | 1473 (49.66) | 334 (53.70) |  |
 University and above | 1204 (40.59) | 233 (37.46) |  |
Cigarette smoking | Â | Â | 0.766 |
 No | 2845 (95.92) | 595 (95.66) |  |
 Yes | 121 (4.08) | 27 (4.34) |  |
Exercise | Â | Â | 0.163 |
 No | 1721 (58.02) | 342 (54.98) |  |
 Yes | 1245 (41.98) | 280 (45.02) |  |
Second-hand smoke exposure | Â | Â | 0.104 |
 No | 2651 (89.38) | 542 (87.14) |  |
 Yes | 315 (10.62) | 80 (12.86) |  |
Hypertension | Â | Â | 0.004* |
 No | 2404 (81.05) | 473 (76.05) |  |
 Yes | 562 (18.95) | 149 (23.95) |  |
Diabetes | Â | Â | 0.414 |
 No | 2610 (88.00) | 540 (86.82) |  |
 Yes | 356 (12.00) | 82 (13.18) |  |
Tea consumption | Â | Â | 0.825 |
 No | 2059 (69.42) | 429 (68.97) |  |
 Yes | 907 (30.58) | 193 (31.03) |  |
Coffee consumption | Â | Â | 0.307 |
 No | 1980 (66.76) | 402 (64.93) |  |
 Yes | 986 (33.24) | 220 (35.37) |  |
Vegetarian diet | Â | Â | 0.361 |
 No | 2648 (89.28) | 563 (90.51) |  |
 Yes | 318 (10.72) | 59 (9.49) |  |
Hormone use | Â | Â | 0.069 |
 No | 2558 (86.24) | 519 (83.44) |  |
 Yes | 408 (13.76) | 103 (16.56) |  |
Herbal medicine use | Â | Â | 0.006* |
 No | 2679 (90.32) | 539 (86.66) |  |
 Yes | 287 (9.68) | 83 (13.34) |  |
Family history of uterine fibroids |  |  |  < 0.001* |
 No | 2546 (85.84) | 488 (78.46) |  |
 Yes | 420 (14.16) | 134 (21.54) |  |
Miscarriage/abortion |  |  |  < 0.001* |
 No | 1170 (39.45) | 197 (31.67) |  |
 Yes | 1796 (60.55) | 425 (68.33) |  |
Age at menarche (years) | Â | Â | 0.943 |
Age at  menarche ≤ 12 | 603 (20.33) | 126 (20.26) |  |
 12 < age at menarche ≤ 13 | 786 (26.50) | 172 (27.65) |  |
 13 < age at menarche ≤ 14 | 897 (30.24) | 183 (29.42) |  |
 Age at menarche > 14 | 680 (22.93) | 141 (22.67) |  |
Continuous variables | Â | Â | Â |
 Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.48 ± 3.412 | 23.62 ± 3.215 | 0.340 |
 Parity | 2.32 ± 0.978 | 2.29 ± 0.888 | 0.481 |