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Table 3 Adjusted* model estimates of main effects and interactions on census tract-level life expectancy in years (with 95% confidence intervals) overall for all census tracts and by Gini quintile (Boldface = p < 0.05)

From: Income and rural–urban status moderate the association between income inequality and life expectancy in US census tracts

 

Population density quintile**

Median household income quintile***

Population density X Median household income

Overall

   

Main effects

− 0.13 (− 0.15, − 0.11)

1.11 (1.08, 1.13)

 

With interaction term

− 0.17 (− 0.21, − 0.13)

1.06 (1.02, 1.10)

0.015 (0.004, 0.027)

Q1 (lowest Gini)

   

Main effects

− 0.13 (− 0.17, − 0.09)

1.00 (0.95, 1.05)

 

With interaction term

− 0.33 (− 0.44, − 0.23)

0.80 (0.70, 0.90)

0.061 (0.032, 0.090)

Q2

   

Main effects

− 0.18 (− 0.22, − 0.14)

1.08 (1.03, 1.13)

 

With interaction term

− 0.32 (− 0.41, − 0.23)

0.95 (0.85, 1.04)

0.045 (0.019, 0.072)

Q3

   

Main effects

− 0.18 (− 0.22, − 0.14)

1.10 (1.05, 1.16)

 

With interaction term

− 0.27 (− 0.35, − 0.18)

1.02 (0.93, 1.11)

0.029 (0.004, 0.055)

Q4

   

Main effects

− 0.12 (− 0.16, − 0.07)

1.12 (1.07, 1.18)

 

With interaction term

− 0.13 (− 0.21, − 0.05)

1.11 (1.02, 1.20)

0.005 (− 0.020, 0.030)

Q5 (highest Gini)

   

Main effects

− 0.07 (− 0.12, − 0.03)

1.00 (0.94, 1.06)

 

With interaction term

− 0.01 (− 0.09, 0.08)

1.07 (0.97, 1.17)

− 0.023 (− 0.049, 0.002)

  1. *Adjusted for tract-level percent Black or African American, percent Hispanic or Latino/a/x, median age, and percent with bachelor’s degree or higher
  2. **p value for trend (in main effects models) < 0.05
  3. ***p value for trend (in main effects models) < 0.05